Organizational Behavior - 8693 Words

Organizational Behavior Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior and Opportunity 4. Briefly describe the elements of the formal and the informal organization. Give examples of each. Formal structure is the way that the organization is operated by those with responsibility for managing the organization. They create formal structures to ensure that the standard operating procedures are followed and the duties are streamed down by a hierarchical approach. I work in a formal structure (government job) where we follow the chain of command and use titles as a way of acknowledging the roles. Informal structure is the intertwining social structure that governs how people work together and the elements are important because people’s†¦show more content†¦Employees will have to face the option of their job being outsourced, and managers will need to have training for their employees to make sure everyone is aware of each other difference and similarities. Globalization leads to competition however by standing behind one’s work, having innovative workers and the dismissal of outsourcing jobs can give the US an edge over international companies. Globa lization also means greater access to untapped markets and customers. 2. Using consequential, ruled-based, and character theories, evaluate Darcy’s decision. Darcy should look at Ryan intentions and work history. If he uses consequential theory she would fire Ryan because of the recommendation given by Kasa Hisa. However, if he use rule base or character he would consider the intent and Ryan’s jobs performance in the past. Chapter 3: Personality, Perception and Attribution 4. Describe the eight preferences of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. How does this instrument measure Carl Jung‘s ideas? The 8 preferences developed by MBTI are used to apply personality theories. The 1st and 2nd are Extraversion / Introversion: which is the measurement of how a person gathers energy. A person that is extraverted is energized by interaction with people and activities where as introverted people gather energy from within. The 3rd and 4th are Sensing and Intuition which deals withShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. How OCB’s are exhibited by employees 4 1.4. Importance of OCB 5 1.5. Effect of OCB on employees 6 2. Introduction to Organization 6 2.1. Allied Bank Limited 7 2.2. Meezan Bank Limited 7 2.3. First Women’s Bank 7 2.4. MCB 7 3. Findings and resultsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1387 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Michael J. Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. Its primary purpose is to review and report in the ever expanding study in criminal justice organizational behavior areas in the workforce. This discussion focuses on the forces of change andRead MoreEssay Organizational Behavior1057 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior refers to the attitudes and behavior of the individuals in the organization. Organizational behavior is a inter-disciplinary field of study that draws from many of the behavioral sciences. The goal of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts from the other behavioral sciences to pressing problems that management may be facing, as well as applying organizational behavior to the administrative theory and practicesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Human Behavior1217 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational behavior studies the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have on the personal human behavior within many organizations. There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to issuesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior5621 Words   |  23 PagesChapter 1 - The Field of Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. 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The Entity Concept Of Accounting - 1520 Words

The Entity Concept in accounting states transactions associated with one business or entity must be separate from additional businesses owned by the same person. This requires separate books, accounts, assets, liabilities and anything separately associated with each business. This concept is imperative as it is required by federal law and GAAP principals. B. Reliability Principal The reliability principle is the concept of only recording those transactions in the accounting system that you can verify with objective evidence( Reliability principal, 2015). This evidence is stated as checks, receipts, bank statements, purchase orders and anything which can prove the transactions actually happened. It is key to consider gathering documents and information from customers, vendors and external forces as they can help validate your businesses own documentation. This principal is crucial to help elevate potential misunderstood transaction and provide accurate information to the powers at be. C. Cost Principal The Cost Principal or Historical Cost requires a business to record the cash value of its assets at the time the asset was purchase. This is imperative as to show internal and external users what impact the asset had on the company in a financial aspect. A special exceptions to this principal are those transaction that were recorded as credit sales with potential of not receiving the full payment. If a company records a $500 sale and only expects to receive payment of $400,Show MoreRelatedThe Reporting Entity Concept Of The Australian Accounting Standards Board1027 Words   |  5 PagesReporting Entity Concept makes up part of the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) Conceptual Framework and has been in use since its inception in Australian Accounting Standards in the early 90s (Hamidi-Ravari, 2014). 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Sunshine Chapter 21 Free Essays

string(30) " end of the world was coming\." I was making it, I thought. I suppressed a shudder. â€Å"No. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"One killed and three missing in No Town,† he said. â€Å"The one killed is confirmed sucker.† â€Å"You can’t be sure this soon that the other three are anything but missing,† I said. â€Å"Maybe they ran away.† Pat looked at me. â€Å"They may have run away from something else,† I said, â€Å"that had nothing to do with vampires.† â€Å"The moon may be one of Sunshine’s Killer Zebras, but I doubt it,† said Pat. â€Å"A lot of people saw these four hanging around together earlier in the evening.† I didn’t say anything. â€Å"Four is a lot for one night, even in No Town.† I still didn’t say anything. â€Å"We’d like you to come round this afternoon and have another stroll through a few cosmails,† said Pat. â€Å"I don’t get off till ten tonight.† â€Å"We’ll wait,† Pat said grimly. â€Å"There’s one little snag – Aimil doesn’t want to do it. She says you tried it on your own a few days ago and it took you away somewhere. She said she thought you’d died. Now, why would you want to try it on your own, I wonder?† â€Å"Why do you think?† I said, looking at him steadily. The shadows on his face lay plain and clean. I slid a little further into my strange seeing. These shadows had a slightly rough or textured quality I was beginning to guess meant partblood – I’d seen it in Maud’s face first, but Aimil had it too – and in Pat’s case this not-quite-human aspect was distinctly blue. But the shadows said there was no deceit beyond the basic subterfuge of passing for pureblood human. Pat was who he said he was, and believed what he said he believed. â€Å"I want to find these guys too,† I said. â€Å"And SOF, begging your pardon, makes me nervous.† Pat sighed and rubbed his head with his hand, making his short SOF-norm hair stand on end. â€Å"Look, kiddo, I know all the usual complaints about SOF and I agree with most of them.† He saw me looking at his hair and smiled a little. â€Å"So I don’t happen to mind the hair and the uniform, that’s not a crime, is it? But we can protect you better at SOF HQ than you can protect yourself anywhere else. What if what you were tracking had noticed you were searching for it the other day? You think you could have got back out fast enough for it not to follow you home? The fact that Aimil is still alive proves that it didn’t notice. But I think that was dumb luck. Nobody has ever lived a long happy life depending on dumb luck, and depending on any kind of luck is as good as tearing your own throat out when you’re messing with suckers. I don’t care what extra powers you got, Sunshine.† I swallowed. â€Å"Did you say all that to Aimil?† â€Å"You bet I did, babe, and more besides. She is, after all, on our payroll and subject to our rules. You aren’t. Yet, although I’ve thought about it. But SOF doesn’t pay so good and generally we have to blackmail people like you and Aimil, to put it bluntly, not to mention figuring out what the official description of what we wanted you for would be. I could probably tie you up in a big knot of top-secret intelligence bureaucracy – we’ve got powers to compel ordinary citizens in certain circumstances, did you know that? And we could make these the right kind of circumstances, never fear – but it would take too long and I suspect it would make you ornery. We need you too badly to risk pissing you off, if we can get you any other way. By the way, you were planning on coming to us with anything you found on the other end of Aimil’s cosmails, weren’t you? You don’t have any noble, suicidal plans to take these suckers on by yourself, do you? Tell me you are not that stupid.† I said with perfect honesty, â€Å"I have no intention of trying to take these suckers on by myself, no.† Pat looked at me with a slight frown. â€Å"Why doesn’t that sound as reassuring as it should?† I gazed back at him as innocently as I could. He sighed. â€Å"Never mind. We’ll see you at ten tonight. In fact, I’ll come by myself at closing.† â€Å"I’m not going to sneak out the back way and go home if I’ve told you I’ll come,† I said, annoyed. â€Å"You haven’t actually said you will come,† said Pat calmly, â€Å"and I don’t want you walking around by yourself at that hour, in case Bozo gets wise between now and then.† This was a little too near a little too much of the truth. â€Å"Bozo?† I said carefully. â€Å"Do you have a name?† â€Å"Have we ever had a name?† said Pat. â€Å"You find ’em and you stake ’em and then you burn ’em to be sure. But we’re obviously chasing a master vampire here, and it’s easier if we call him something. Assuming it’s a him, which they usually are. So we’re calling him Bozo. So, are you saying you’ll be waiting for me at ten tonight then?† â€Å"But if Aimil – â€Å" â€Å"I’ll tell her you’re coming anyway and we’ve got that cosmail saved and we can do it without her if we have to. She can either come be part of the safety net or sit at home waiting for really bad news and be hauled over the carpet and messily fired later on.† â€Å"What sweethearts you SOFs are,† I said. There was no humor at all in Pat’s face when he replied: â€Å"Yeah. But we’re real devoted to the idea of keeping the live alive. What did you do to your chin – and your arm? Is that from when you fell out of Aimil’s chair?† â€Å"Must be,† I said. â€Å"I don’t remember that well.† It was a fairly ordinary day at the coffeehouse. We had one crazy wander in off the street who wanted to tell all of us that the end of the world was coming. You read "Sunshine Chapter 21" in category "Essay examples" He had an interesting variant of the standard format: in his reading the moon was going to be moved in front of the sun and kept there to create a permanent eclipse while the creatures of dark took over down here. The moon would be held in place by the something-o-meter invented by the creatures of dark and which they were presently perfecting. He said â€Å"creatures of dark,† not â€Å"vampires.† I suppose I was in a twitchy mood anyway, but I didn’t like this. There are lots of creatures of the dark, but I would have said that except for vampires none of them is bright enough to invent a something-o-meter. So why didn’t he say vampires? He did say eighteen months, tops, before the eclipse began. It was a good thing he hadn’t washed in a while and raved like a loony or some of us might have believed him. I told myself his story would make a good novel. It would sure make a better novel than it would a reality. Mel got rid of him. Mel goes all Good Old Boy amiable and eases them out the door, and the thing about it is that when Mel does it, they don’t come back. The only times we’ve ever had to call the cops is when Mel hasn’t been there. Ranting crazies make Charlie nervous. Because this is Old Town we get a fair number of crazies: hell, we feed most of them, out the side door, but not so many of them rant. Charlie can soothe a customer determined to pick a fight when Mel would just throw him out the first time he swore at one of the waitresses, and I’d back Mel against most brawlers, but taking them on their own terms isn’t a good way to avoid calling the cops. Sometimes I think more throwing out would be a good thing – we hav e enough customers, we don’t need to put up with the flaming assholes – but Charlie’s is Charlie’s because of Charlie, which is probably a good thing too. But Mel is the one who deals with the noisy nutters. If there’s ever a Mel’s it will be racier. And Charlie’s will have to hire a bouncer with a degree in counseling. This crazy came in during the lull between the late-afternoon muffin-and-scone crowd and the early supper eaters so there weren’t too many people around. Mrs. Bialosky was there, and I didn’t like the way she listened to him either: it seemed to me she was having some of the same thoughts I was. Maybe she was just thinking about full moons. The crazy hadn’t mentioned what was going to happen about the moon’s phases. He must not be a Were himself. â€Å"Hey, a little live entertainment for slack time,† Mel said to me. â€Å"This one missed the mark, okay, next time I’ll get jugglers.† I smiled, because he wanted me to, but I noticed he was rubbing one of his tattoos: the hourglass one, that you can’t see which way the sand is running. It’s a charm about not running out of time. He’d been listening to the crazy too. I couldn’t see into the shadows on Mel’s face. They flickered less than some but the red edges were more dazzling as if to make up for this. I didn’t know if I couldn’t see past the dazzle because I couldn’t couldn’t, or because I didn’t want to. If I didn’t want to, what was it I was afraid I was going to be seeing? By ten o’clock I was tired, and I wanted to go home and go to bed. I had a lot of sleep to catch up on. The last thing I wanted to do was slope off to SOF HQ and plug into another live socket and fry my brains some more, but when Kyoko came into the bakery to tell me Pat was in front waiting for me, I didn’t duck out the back door – even though I hadn’t promised. I may have given the cinnamon-roll sponge a few more vicious stirs than it needed, but then I threw my apron into the laundry, washed off the worst of the day’s spatters and stains, and went to meet my fate. I paused briefly under the doorway. A few days ago I’d tacked up a string over the lintel, so I could stuff some of Mom’s charms up there. They balanced on the narrow lintel edge and were kept from pitching over by the string. She hadn’t said anything, but then we’d never discussed the fact that she was coming into the bakery when I wasn’t there (she rarely crossed the threshold when I was) and leaving charms round about. Well, so, the glove compartment was full. Or she was wearing me down. And they wouldn’t last long trying to protect a doorway that had people coming and going through it all the time, but at least they could keep their eyes (so to speak) on me when I was there. And while they still had what in charms passes for eyes. The funny thing was that I’d begun to feel them there, and kind of didn’t mind. I’ve said that charms usually rub me up the wrong way, like a rash, or a colicky baby living in the spare bedroom whose mom sleeps deeper than you do. And when I stood under the doorway for a moment I felt their – well, their good will, I’m not sure it was any stronger than that – soaking in. I felt like a baba sucking up rum. Or possibly chopped piccalilli vegetables vinegar. I shook my head to make the opalescent chain swish over my skin and patted my pockets. Pat and I walked over, to my surprise. â€Å"I kinda want to know if there’s anyone close enough to make a pass at you,† said Pat. â€Å"Hope you got a table knife in your pocket.† â€Å"Very funny,† I said. â€Å"Shouldn’t be necessary,† said Pat, unfazed. â€Å"I got a few of ours skulking in the shadows, ready to race to our rescue.† This was not comforting, not so much because a vampire could have struck in from nowhere and killed us both before any human defender had done any more than take a deep breath and wonder if there was a problem, but because of what SOF didn’t know about my extracurricular activities. I didn’t want SOF watching me that closely. And I didn’t like their spending that kind of expensive human time on me. â€Å"You sound like you’re taking this very seriously.† â€Å"You betcha.† â€Å"Why? You haven’t got any proof yet that what Aimil and I are doing is anything but psycho doodling.† Pat was silent a moment, and then gave a heavy sigh. â€Å"You know, Sunshine, you’re a pain to work with. You think too much. Have you read anything about the little black boxes that are supposed to register Other activity? Called tickers.† â€Å"Yeah. They don’t work.† â€Å"Actually they work pretty well. The problem is that there is a larger number of unregistered partbloods in the general pop than anyone wants to talk about – well gosh isn’t that surprising – and the tickers keep getting confused. Or, you know, sabotaged. It’s been a real bad problem in SOF for some reason. Can’t imagine why. There’s ways around this problem, however, once you all know you’re reading off the same page. So we got some tickers that give us pretty good readings, once we figured out how to set ’em up. And I’ll tell you that a couple we got down in No Town about fused their chips when you did your locating trick for us a few days ago, and they did it again that afternoon when, it turns out, you were committing your felony with Aimil.† â€Å"Felony my ass,† I said. â€Å"Attempting to consort with an enemy alien is a felony, my pretty darling, and all Others are enemy aliens. It’s not one of those rules anyone wants to pursue too close, but it has its uses. And trying to locate ’em is near enough to trying to consort with ’em for me. Anyway, we’ve never had readings like these readings. What you’re up to may be psycho doodlings, all right, but they’re great big strong psycho doodlings and we’re beginning to hope you may be the best chance we’ve seen in years and not another one of my over-optimistic bad calls.† I considered having a nervous breakdown on the spot. I probably could have thrown a good one too, about how I couldn’t take the strain, that my life had crashed and burned those two nights I went missing by the lake and all Pat and SOF were doing now was stamping out the ashes and oh by the way if you have an axe handy I’ll run mad with it now and get it over with since my genes are being slower off the mark than I’ve been expecting since I figured it out two months or whatever ago, and by the way, that was SOF’s doing too, you guys and your sidelong suggestive little chats. While half my brain was considering the nervous breakdown recourse the other half was considering whether maybe I could locate Bo well enough and then let SOF handle it. Con and I wouldn’t have to go within miles (vampire miles or human miles) of No Town. We could sit at home drinking champagne and waiting for the headlines: NEW ARCADIA SOF DIVISION ELIMINATES MAJOR VAMPIRE LAI R AND DESTROYS ITS MASTER. Our correspondent, blah blah blah. My imagination wanted MOST IMPORTANT STRIKE SINCE VOODOO WARS, but it wouldn’t be. It felt global to me because it was my life on the line. But it wasn’t going to happen that way. I didn’t even know why, not to be able to explain it. But I could feel it, like you feel a stomachache or a cold coming on, or somebody’s eyes staring a hole in your back. SOF could go in and mess things up for a little while, stake a few young vampires and maybe wreck Bo’s immediate plans. But†¦maybe this was something else I was learning to see in the shadows. Maybe it was from traveling through nowheresville or walking Con’s short ways last night when I was somewhere else: watching my reality stream by, finding out there are other places with other rules. I was beginning to understand how the connections in the vampire world really aren’t like our human connections in our human world. I was tethered to Con as absolutely as he had been shackled to the wall of the house beside the lake. And he and Bo had a bond that required one of them to be the cause of the destruction of the other one. I guessed now that this was as natural a situation to a vampire as making cinnamon rolls was to me. I wondered what happened if a vampire involved in one of these lethal pacts did the vampire equivalent of falling under a bus: did the other one, foiled of catharsis, spin off into the void instead? The really nasty void, that is. Which could explain why it was so godsbloodyawful a place to visit. He could have warned me, I thought. Con could have said something, that second morning by the lake. Would it have occurred to him? No. Besides, what was he going to say? â€Å"Die now or later†? That had been the choice all along. And as far as my situation now being the mere sad inevitable result of my being in the wrong place at the wrong time: grow up, Sunshine. Bo would be just a tiny bit irritated with me personally. Having not only escaped but taken his prize prisoner with me. What had kept me alive so far – my scorned and ignored magic-handling talent, my reluctant and harrowing alliance with Con – was also what was causing the bond. Ordinary mortals don’t get bound up in ceremonial duels to the death with master vampires. But ordinary mortals don’t survive introductory vampire encounters either. I cast back to that second morning at the lake and thought, he did warn me – or remind me. I just didn’t hear it. Why should I? And why should he think I needed warning? â€Å"†¦That we are both gone will mean that something truly extraordinary has happened. And it almost certainly has something to do with you – as it does, does it not? – and that therefore something important about you was overlooked. And Bo will like that even less than he would have liked the straightforward escape of an ordinary human prisoner. He will order his folk to follow. We must not make it easy for them.† I was the one who’d assumed the time limitations around Con’s annotations of our predicament. More recently Con had said, I knew what happened at the lake would not be the end. And it wasn’t like I’d been surprised. Okay, what if – just as a matter of keeping our position clear here – what if we managed to off Bo now? What new chains of vengeance and retaliation would we have forged instead? I wanted to laugh, but I didn’t want to come up with a likely story to explain to Pat what I was finding to laugh at. Unless I wanted to make the laughter hysterical, as a lead-in to my nervous breakdown. But I didn’t. I wanted to find Bo and get on with it. Whatever happened next. Whatever. I would think about whatever if there was a tomorrow to think about it in. Right now today was enough – like getting away from the lake alive had been enough. If Aimil’s cosmail was Bo, and I could trace it, and SOF could offer some protection from being traced back, then I’d risk doing it with SOF. I wanted to find Bo. And hadn’t I just been saying there was a bond between Bo and me as well? Big ugly mega yuck. What I didn’t want was to get sucked in again and maybe somehow this time pop out on top of Bo. As things I couldn’t bear to think about went, this was very high on the list. My sunshine-self, my tree-self, my deer-self. Didn’t we outnumber the dark self? What I had to figure out, fast, was if there was going to be a way I could make a mark, leave a clue, carry some bad-void token away with me that Con and I could follow or interpret better or faster than SOF could. There’d been kind of a lot going on and I hadn’t sorted what I had found – or half found, or begun to find – in Aimil’s living room. If sorting was a possibility. Aimil had been afraid I’d died†¦ No. I’d figure it out. I had to. Did the tickers do anything but register activity, could they define it? They’d pick up Con and me too, when we started going somewhere – wouldn’t they? If. Supposing our rough human-world guesses were right, and what we all wanted was in No Town. But†¦if SOF was now going to start keeping a closer watch on me, were they going to plant a ticker near Yolande’s house? Oh, gods. Could she disable a SOF ticker? Aimil, looking subdued, was waiting in Pat’s office, with Jesse and Theo. She got up from her chair and put her arms around me. I hugged her back and we stared at each other a moment. â€Å"I guess these guys worked you over so the bruises don’t show,† I said. â€Å"Which is more than can be said for you,† said Aimil, touching my jaw gently. â€Å"I got that doing chin-ups on the top oven,† I said. â€Å"Let’s get on with this, can we? I want to go home and go to bed. Four in the morning is already soon.† Pat’s combox was on, and the saved cosmail winked at us as soon as he touched the screen. Even before plugging in to the live connection it looked evil to me; the flickering print seemed to have a kind of bulgy red edge, so that it looked like tiny scarlet mouths howling behind every letter of every word. â€Å"Ready?† said Pat. I sat down and put my hands on the keyboard, like I was going to do some perfectly ordinary com thing, tap a few keys, see what the headlines were on the Darkline. â€Å"Ready,† I said. He pressed the globenet button and the mail went live. I was almost sucked in after all. Hey, I didn’t know what I was doing. Was there an apprenticeship for this? The globenet hasn’t been around all that long, but magic handlers adapt pretty fast – they have to. If I’d been apprenticed, could I have learned how to trace a cosmail? No. If this was something magic handlers now routinely did, SOF would have a division of magic handlers that did it. And they wouldn’t be all over me like a cheap suit. I was going where no one had gone before. And I wasn’t having a good time. It was my talismans that held me together, and in this world. I felt them heat up, wow, like zero to a hundred in nothing flat with the throttle all the way open, like a cold inert vampire being brought back to undeadness by a surprise drop-in guest. I guessed there was a red hoop around my neck and over my breast now, and a red oval on each thigh. I hoped they wouldn’t set my clothes on fire, which might be hard to explain as well as embarrassing. It was pretty excruciating. It was like being dragged forward and hauled backward simultaneously: as if I was living the moment when my divided loyalties ripped me apart and took off with their riven halves. Other-space yawned, and while last night, with Con at the far end of the back-country-lane version, it had merely been remote and unearthly and nowhere I had any business being, tonight it was the bad one again, the shrieking maelstrom. If I went headfirst into this one I wouldn’t come out, except in small messy pieces. But I was frisking on the boundary of dangerous territory for a purpose. Dimly through the inaudible din, I thought, perhaps this is Bo’s defense system. Okay, if I can find where the defense system is, presumably I can find where what it’s defending is. Or is that too human a logic? I tried to orient myself, carefully, carefully, staying firmly seated on the chair in Pat’s office, feeling my talismans burning their variously shaped holes into my flesh. I wasn’t the compass needle myself this time – that would have been too far in – I was trying to angle for a view so I could see where the compass needle pointed†¦ There. And I was flung over backward, with the chair, and landed on the floor so hard the breath was knocked out of me. This was just as well, because Pat’s combox exploded; droplets of superheated flying goo rained down on me as well as tiny fragments of gods-know-what, and larger pieces of plastic housing. There were a few half-muffled shouts of surprise and pain, and then there were a lot of alarm bells ringing. I was still struggling to get some breath back in my lungs when people started arriving. I had thought those were real alarm bells. They were. What looked like everybody at SOF headquarters poured into Pat’s room, and there were more of them than you’d think for ten-thirty at night. Once I could breathe again I could tell the medic I wasn’t hurt. (There are medics on duty twenty-four-seven at SOF HQ: our tax blinks at work. Well, okay, lots of big corps have medics on duty, but few of them have combat patches. This one did.) My shirt had got a little torn, somehow, and the chain and the mark it made were visible; he gave me some burn cream for the latter, while he muttered something about the weird effects of a combox blowout. Fortunately it didn’t seem to occur to him to suggest that there was something funny about my necklace and I shouldn’t wear it. I didn’t mention the hot spots I could feel on my thighs. I was glad still to have thighs. Pat had fared the worst; he needed stitches in one shoulder where he was hit by the biggest single chunk of flying combox, and had several inelegant burn marks on his face and one hand, although none of them serious. â€Å"Hey, I was an ugly bastard before,† he said. â€Å"It’s not gonna ruin my social life.† Even Pat had been rattled, however, because the two guys who rushed in and sat down at the other combox in the room – one of them with a headset he kept muttering into – had been tapping away intently for several minutes before Pat noticed. I had been watching them as I lay on the floor, but I was pretty hazed out myself and hadn’t managed to think about what they might be doing. I had half-noticed Jesse doing an ordinary startled-human stillness thing when those two came in, but I hadn’t registered it. I did register Pat snapping into awareness and then exchanging a hard look with Jesse. And then the woman came in and the tension level in the room went off the scale. I felt like we were in one of those old-fashioned movie rockets where the Gs of escape velocity crush you into the upholstery. Okay, so my metaphors had taken a wrong turn, but when I first looked at her there were no shadows on her at all: it was as if she was glowing, in great sick-making waves, like a walking nuclear reactor or something, if I had ever seen a nuclear reactor, which I have not. Instant headache. Instant wanting-to-be-out-of-here, wherever here was; hereness seemed to fade under the onslaught of her mere presence. This had to be the goddess of pain. And I had thought that name was just a joke. Uh-oh. She snapped a few undertone orders to one of the fellows with the headset; he was obviously not happy, and he shook his head. His partner in crime shrugged and spread his hands. â€Å"Your little stunt has just bombed HQ’s entire com system,† she said in a cold clear voice that was worse than any shouting. â€Å"What the hell are you doing?† Pat, almost visibly pulling himself together, said, â€Å"I had clearance. Ask Sanchez.† â€Å"You didn’t have clearance to close the regional HQ down, and you obviously didn’t do your homework about safeguards,† said the woman, not a split atom’s worth mollified. â€Å"You still haven’t told me what you were trying to do, and Sanchez isn’t here.† One of the headset guys on the other combox barked something, and she listened to them briefly. When she turned to glare at Pat again he was a little more ready for her. â€Å"We were trying to trace an Other cosmail to a land source. We have been working with Aimil, here,† nodding to her, â€Å"for some months. This is Rae Seddon, whom we had reason to believe might be able to help us. This is the second time she’s tried to make a connection. As for safeguards, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and he ran off into a lot of technical jargon I didn’t understand a syllable of, and didn’t want to. I tuned out. By this time I was breathing again, although my lungs felt sore. Not nearly as sore as my head, however. My eyeballs felt like they were embedded in glass splinters and my entire skull throbbed. I was now seeing a fat glaring red edge to everything, an erratic fat glaring red edge, sometimes as wide as a pocketknife, sometimes as narrow as an opalescent chain. It didn’t need shadows. It looked like cracks in reality, opening into the chaos I’d seen protecting the way to Bo through nowheresville. I clung to the arms of the re-righted chair I’d been helped into once the medic was done with me. â€Å"Hold still,† he said. He was trying to put stitches in Pat’s shoulder. I didn’t want to look at the goddess of pain again; I knew it was my eyes, but there was something really wrong about her, and whatever it was, it made my headache worse. I watched a couple of people gathering up pieces of combox. Another person appeared bearing a big bottle of some kind of, presumably, solvent, and was wiping up the littler gel blobs. Somebody else was flipping the bigger blobs into a bucket. I noticed that some of them left marks behind them. Jesse had minor burns on one forearm; Theo and Aimil hadn’t been touched. It could have been a lot worse. It was a lot worse. It just wasn’t about being burned by combox gel. My red edges were, I thought, narrowing. Not fast enough. I didn’t notice the pause in the conversation till I heard my name being repeated. â€Å"Rae Seddon,† the goddess was saying. I jerked my eyes up – and flinched: neither my eyes nor my head was ready for sudden movements – and equally unequal to meeting the goddess’ eyes. â€Å"I heard about the incident a few weeks ago,† she said, â€Å"with the vampire in Old Town.† I didn’t say anything. â€Å"I’d quite like to have a chat with you myself sometime,† she said. I still didn’t say anything. I glanced at Pat. He was so poker-faced I knew he was worried. There was a big red halo around his head, and the shadows across his face were so blue I was surprised they weren’t obvious to everyone. I hoped they weren’t. â€Å"I doubt I can help you,† I said, not looking at her. â€Å"I think it was an accident.† â€Å"Some power residue from your experience at the lake?† she said. I didn’t like having her so up on my history. I wondered what else she knew. â€Å"Yes, I agree that that is the most likely. But it is the first such incident I’m aware of in any of our records† – did this mean she was interested enough to have had research done on it? – â€Å"and I would like to know as much about it as possible. SOF is always interested in unusual and unique cases. We have to be.† She smiled. I saw it out of the corner of my eye. It wasn’t that she didn’t mean it, exactly. It was that it was an official lubricant-on-the-sticky-gears-of-community smile. It suited her aura of poisonous gases. A toxic oil slick on the sea of society. I didn’t like the smile. I found Pat’s single-minded commitment to the total annihilation of vampires a little inopportune but I believed he was one of the good guys. I didn’t believe s he was. I didn’t smile back. I tried to look too beat up from what had happened to be able to smile. I wasn’t. What I was was too beat up to make myself smile when I didn’t want to. â€Å"I assume that tonight’s misguided attempt at a connection was also based on some faulty reading of that same residue?† The tone of her voice could have made cinnamon rolls unroll, cakes fall, and Bitter Chocolate Death melt. I hoped cravenly that she was talking to Pat. Pat said, â€Å"There’s a precedent. Milenkovic – â€Å" â€Å"You’ll have to do better than that, Agent Velasquez,† interrupted the goddess. â€Å"Milenkovic was a senile old woman.† How to cite Sunshine Chapter 21, Essay examples

Bsp-Banko Central Ng Pilipinas free essay sample

July 15, 2010 |Higher growth wont stoke inflation – BSP | | | |By Lawrence Agcaoili | MANILA, Philippines Monetary authorities said yesterday that a higher economic growth next year won’t stoke inflation as long as the government manages to keep its budget deficit in check. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Deputy Governor Diwa Guinigundo said the central bank could manage the impact of higher economic growth on inflation as long as the government’s budget shortfall is not premised on huge borrowing and wasteful public spending. â€Å"In fact, there were instances in the past when we achieved a great deal of convergence between high economic growth and stable inflation. That is close to an ideal situation that should be made durable over the long term,† Guinigundo stressed. The Cabinet-level Development Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC) has kept its revised gross domestic product (GDP) growth target of five percent to six percent this year but raised its GDP growth target next year to seven percent to eight percent. However, the DBCC decided to keep the inflation target of 3. 5 percent to 5. 5 percent this year and three percent to five percent for next year set by the BSP. The central bank is likely to lower its inflation forecast for this year and next year during its scheduled meeting today as inflation eased surprisingly to a seven-month low in June. Last June 3, the central bank slashed its inflation forecast to 4. 7 percent from 5. 1 percent for this year and to 3. 6 percent from 3. 7 percent for next year in light of the reduction of power costs, lower oil prices, steady commodity prices, moderate liquidity growth, and the continued strengthening of the peso against the US dollar [pic] .The latest inflation forecast also took into consideration the stronger-than-expected gross domestic product (GDP) growth registered in the first quarter of the year. The country’s GDP zoomed to its fastest pace in almost three years after expanding by 7. percent in the first quarter of the year from only 0. 5 percent in the same quarter last year. Latest data from the National Statistics Office (NSO) showed annual inflation eased to a seven-month low of 3. 9 percent in June form 4. 3 percent in May bringing the average inflation to 4. 2 percent for the first half of the year from 5. 0 percent in the same period last year. Inflation las t month was the lowest since 2. 8 percent recorded in November last year. â€Å"If we succeed in reaching that point, the issue of inflation will be less of an issue because much of the supply side risks would be effectively addressed,† Guinigundo explained. According to him, Filipinos would have to do their share in helping the administration of President Benigno â€Å"Noynoy† Aquino III to achieve faster economic growth after the global economic meltdown. July 14, 2010 |BSP expected to maintain policy rates | | | |By Lawrence Aqcaoili | MANILA, Philippines Economists and analysts believe that the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) would keep its key policy rates unchanged during the meeting of the Monetary Board tomorrow. Singapore-based DBS Bank Ltd. and Switzerland-based UBS AG said the BSP’s policy-setting body is widely expected to keep its overnight borrowing rate and overnight lending rate steady on July 15. UBS economist Edward Teather said in its Asian Economic Comment entitled â€Å"Asean Monetary Policy Update† that unlike the Bank of Thailand the BSP is likely to keep its key policy rates unchanged this week. â€Å"We expect an initial 25 basis points policy rate increase from the Bank of Thailand on July 14 but not the BSP on July 15,† Teather stressed. Aside from the Philippines and Thailand, he pointed out that Bank Indonesia has yet to adjust its key policy rates while other banks such as Taiwan and Malaysia have raised their policy rates. The policy-setting body has kept its policy rates unchanged for eight consecutive policy-setting meetings since The policy-setting body has kept its policy rates unchanged for eight consecutive policy-setting meetings since July last year in the face of uncertain global economic prospects and with recovery proceeding at different stages and speeds in various parts of the world. The BSP has lifted all its crisis-intervention measures since the start of the year except for the reduction of the reserve requirement for banks to 19 percent from 21 percent in its bid to release more liquidity into the financial system to soften the impact of the global economic meltdown. Last January 28, the BSP raised the rate on a short-term lending facility to four percent from 3. 5 percent marking the start of an exit strategy with the tweaking of exiting liquidity enhancing measures. Last March 11, monetary authorities reduced the peso rediscounting budget to P40 billion from P60 billion, restored the loan value of all eligible rediscounting papers to 80 percent from 90 percent of the borrowing bank’s credit instrument, and restored the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio requirement of two percentage points from 10 percentage points. Last April 22, the central bank continued unwinding of crisis intervention measures that were adopted since November of 2008 by further reducing the budget for peso rediscounting facility to to pre-crisis level of P20 billion from P40 billion. BSP keeps key policy rates unchanged | | | |By Lawrence Agcaoili | MANILA, Philippines – The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has decided to keep its key rates at a record low for ninth consecutive policy-setting meetings since Jul y last year amid the uncertainty over the strength and pace of the global economic recovery as well as benign inflation outlook, BSP Governor Amando M. Tetangco Jr. announced yesterday. In a press conference, Tetangco said the BSP decided to keep its overnight borrowing or reverse repurchase rate at a record low of four percent and its overnight lending or repurchase rate at six percent Likewsie, the interest rates on term reverse repurchase facility, repurchase facility, and special deposit accounts (SDAs) were also left unchanged. This was the ninth straight meeting wherein the board decided to keep its policy rates unchanged. During the height of the global financial crisis, the BSP slashed its key policy rates by 200 basis points between December 2008 and July 2009 but introduced several liquidity-enhancing measures to cushion the impact of the global economic meltdown. â€Å"The Monetary Board also noted that the uncertainty over the strength and pace of the global economic recovery warranted maintaining current policy settings,† Tetangco said. The BSP chief also cited the benign inflation outlook as consumer prices are expected to stay within the 3. 5 percent to 5. 5 percent as well as three percent to five percent target set by monetary authorities for this year and next year. â€Å"The Monetary Board’s decision was based on its assessment that current monetary policy settings continue to be appropriate, given the favorable inflation outlook and on-target inflation expectations,† he added. Apart from keeping its key policy rates unchanged, the BSP also decided to put on hold further withdrawal of liquidity enhancing measures. Monetary authorities started to phase out liquidity enhancing measures that were implemented way back in November 2008 as early as January 28 in light of the gradual global economic recovery. The Monetary Board decided to increase the rate on a short-term lending facility to four percent from 3. 5 percent. Other crisis-related measures that were tweaked included the reduction of the peso rediscounting budget to P40 billion and further to pre-crisis level of P20 billion from P60 billion, the restoration of the loan value of all eligible rediscounting papers to 80 percent from 90 percent of the borrowing bank’s credit instrument, and the restoration the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio requirement of two percentage points from 10 percentage points. However, monetary authorities decided to maintain the reserve requirements for banks. As part of its liquidity enhancing measures to cushion the impact of the global financial meltdown in 2008, the BSP slashed the reserve requirement of banks to 19 percent from 21 percent to release more liquidity into the financial system. July 13, 2010 July 16, 2010 BSP checks expenses, perks of bank execs James Konstantin Galvez MANILA, Philippines—The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas will closely monitor banks’ spending on fringe benefits and bonuses of directors and officers due to rising budget allocations for such expenses. In a report, the BSP said banks’ spending would have to be scrutinized given that more than 75 percent of their operations are funded by deposits from the public. â€Å"The BSP is keeping a close watch on the fringe benefits and bonuses paid to directors and key officers of BSP-supervised institutions,† the central bank said in its latest report on the country’s financial system released last week. Data from the central bank showed that banks spent an aggregate amount of P74. 7 billion last year for fringe benefits and bonuses of officers and directors, constituting nearly 36 percent of their total non-interest expenses. Other non-interest expenses are tax payments, license renewals and depreciation of assets, among others. The regulator said in the report that the share of compensation, fringe benefits, and bonuses to total non-interest expense of banks in 2009 grew from P67. 5 billion the previous year, a rise of 33. 8 percent. Fringe benefits, including directors’ fees, accounted for P16. 2 billion or nearly 8 percent of total non-interest expenses of banks last year. This was up by almost 21 percent from P13. billion, or 7 percent of total non-interest expenses of banks the previous year. The rise in banks’ spending for fringe benefits last year was much faster than the annual inflation during the period, which stood at only 3. 9 percent. Although the BSP does not yet consider banks’ current spending for fringe benefits and bonuses as anomalous, the regulator said it found merit to closely watch bank expenditures as a means to safeguard public money. The BSP said it would no t want to see the country’s banking sector go the way of the US financial sector. Following the highly publicized outrage of American taxpayers on exorbitant bonuses paid to officers of the ailing insurer, American International Group, which received $180 billion in bailout money from the Federal Reserve in 2008, the BSP will keep a close watch on supervised banks,† the BSP said. |BSP dividends to National Government up 46% | | | |By Lawrence Agcaoili | MANILA, Philippines The amount of dividends to be remitted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas to the National Government grew by more than 46 percent this year after the BSP posted higher earnings. BSP Governor Amando M. Tetangco Jr. said in an interview with reporters that the central bank would remit about P9. 8 billion worth of dividends to the national coffers this year or about P3. 1 billion higher than the P6. 7 billion it remitted last year. Tetangco said the amount to be remitted this year would be the second biggest, with the highest being the P10. billion dividends declared in 1997. Republic Act 7658 or the dividends law requires government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) and government financial institutions (GFIs) to remit 50 percent of their net income to the National Government. However, RA 7553 or the New Central Bank of 1993 requires the BSP to declare 75 percent of its net earnings as dividends in favor of the National Government. July 12, 2010 Based on i ts unaudited financial statement, the BSP’s net income reached about P13 billion last year or about 45 percent higher than the P8. 93 billion it earned in 2008. Last year, the central bank remitted about P6 billion to the national coffers and another P696. 33 million in the first half of the year to complete its dividend payments for its earnings in 2008. For its net income last year, Tetangco said the BSP remitted P4. 475 billion as well as P450 million in property dividends to the National Government during its 17th anniversary celebration. He pointed out that the BSP would remit another P4 billion in the next few months subject to the completion by the Commission on Audit (COA) of its review of the central bank’s 2009 financial statements. The BSP chief said the central bank has declared P59. 5 billion worth of dividends in favor of the National Government since it was created in 1993 and paid more than P50 billion in taxes over the past 11 years. The central bank continued to remit dividends religiously despite the failure of the National Government to complete its P50-billion capital infusion to the BSP. July 11, 2010 |More banks extending business hours | | | |By Lawrence Agcaoili | MANILA, Philippines More banks have extended their regular operating hours in branches located in shopping malls, airports, university belts, MRT and LRT stations to service their clients, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) reported over the weekend. The BSP said more top tier bank branches, particularly those located closer to areas where there is heavy foot traffic continued to extend their banking hours to meet their client servicing requirements. Overall, this is a good indication of banks’ financial soundness, market sophistication and commitment to service not to mention, broadly in step with international best practices,† the BSP stated in its Status Report on the Philippine Financial System. The central bank said overseas banks such as RBC Royal Bank in Canada, TBC Bank in Germany, Bank of Hawaii, Bhuj Mercantile Bank of India, and Bank in Mongolia are few examples of banks already offering 24/7 full branch service to their banking clients. Banco de Oro unive rsal bank of retail king and shopping mall magnate Henry Sy Sr. merged as the top bank last year in terms of assets with P815. 8 billion, deposit liabilities with P667. 6 billion, and loans with P469. 5 billion. The Metrobank Group of taipan George SK Ty emerged second in terms of assets with P691. 4 billion, deposit liabilities with P543. 5 billion, and loans with P339. 4 billion but was number one in terms of capital accounts with P70. 8 billion. Data from the BSP showed that the number of banking institutions fell further to 779 as of end-March this year from a year-ago level of 811 due to mergers and consolidations. By banking classification, the BSP said banks consisted of 38 universal and commercial banks, 74 thrift banks, and 667 rural banks. However, the central bank reported that the the operating network including branches of the banking system increased by 188 to 8,663 as of the first quarter of the year from 8,475 during the same quarter last year. The BSP said the increase reflected mainly the the increase in the branches and agencies of commercial and rural banks. Data showed that the banking system’s total resources increased by 8. percent to P6. 4 trillion as of end-March from P5. 9 trillion as of end-March last year due mainly to the rise in loans and debt securities accounts. The BSP also reported that bank deposits increased by 8. 8 percent to P3. 4 trillion as of the first quarter of the year as savings deposits went up by 14. 9 percent while demand deposits or checking accounts rose by 16. 2 percent. Time deposits contracted by 4. 2 percent during the period. Earlier, BS P Deputy Governor Nestor Espenilla Jr. aid studies showed that there are still too many universal and commercial banks considering the size of the country’s economy. July 10 2010 Banks see no BSP rate hike By Erik Dela Cruz WITH average inflatP rate hike By Erik Dela Cruz WITH average inflation in the Philippines this year seen closer to the low end of the government’s target of 3. 5 percent to 5. 5 percent, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) may keep its key interest rate at a? record low of 4 percent for   the rest of the year, according to? the top? economist? f Banco de Oro Unibank (BDO). The research group of Metropolitan Bank Trust Co. (Metrobank), meanwhile, has lowered its 2010 inflation forecast this year to 4. 1 percent, from 4. 7 percent, after the rise in consumer prices eased further in June. â€Å"In light of the stable inflation environment, our expectation for BSP to hike interest rates has been pushed back to early next year,† BDO chief ma rket strategist Jonathan Ravales said. The BSP holds its fifth policy-setting meeting this year on Thursday and is widely expected to keep rates unchanged. The rates have been steady since July last year? after it delivered its last of a series of rate cuts totaling 200 basis points, aimed at shielding the domestic economy from the global recession. Headline inflation dropped further to an annual rate of 3. 9 percent in June from 4. 3 percent in May and averaged 4. 2 percent for the first half of the year. Core inflation, which excludes certain food and energy items to measure broad-based price pressures, also decreased to 3. 7 percent from 3. 8 percent in the previous month.? He said the BSP will deliver possibly in the first quarter of 2011 its first rate hike since August 2008, and expects a one-percentage-point rate increase for all of next year, when average inflation is projected to ease further 3. 3 percent. Still, Ravales remains relatively conservative with his growth forecast of 3. 5 percent for gross domestic product this year, much lower than the government’s growth target of between 5 percent and 6 percent. The economy is projected to grow 5 percent in 2011, based on Ravales’ estimates, with remittances of overseas Filipinos—which have been driving domestic demand—seen rising to a record $19. 5 billion from this year’s estimate of $18. 35 billion. Ravelas is keeping his year-end peso exchange-rate forecast of 46 to the US dollar, which is a bit firmer compared with the end-2009 closing level of 46. 20. Pauline Revillas, research analyst at Metrobank, said the slower rise in consumer   prices in June suggest s that the economy could still accommodate an increase in domestic liquidity without fanning inflation. The contraction in the agriculture sector due to the dry spell, she noted, did not have much impact on food supply. Any effects, she believed, would not be enough to cause a significant rise in consumer prices in the coming months. â€Å"The lower inflation figure   [in June] also reflects the slightly diminished consumer confidence in the second quarter, as reported in the latest BSP consumer-confidence survey,† Revillas said in a research note. June 28, 2010 July 09, 2010 |Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas likely to lower inflation forecast | | | |By Lawrence Agcaoili | MANILA, Philippines Monetary authorities are likely to lower the inflation forecast this year and next year after inflation eased surprisingly to a seven-month low in June, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Governor Amando M. Tetangco Jr. said. Tetangco told reporters that the BSP would review on July 15 the latest inflation forecast for this year and next year. Tetangco said the BSP would review its latest inflation forecast given the new information to see whether or not there is a need to make adjustments in its latest policy stance. Last June 3, the central bank slashed its inflation forecast to 4. percent from 5. 1 percent for this year and to 3. 6 percent from 3. 7 percent for next year in light of the reduction of power costs, lower oil prices, steady commodity prices, moderate liquidity growth, and the continued strengthening of the peso against the dollar [pic] .The latest projections were within the targets of 3. 5 percent to 5. 5 percent this year and three percent to fi ve percent for next year set by the BSP. The latest inflation forecast also took into consideration the stronger-than-expected gross domestic product (GDP) growth registered in the first quarter of the year. The country’s GDP zoomed to its fastest pace in almost three years after expanding by 7. 3 percent in the first quarter of the year from only 0. 5 percent in the same quarter last ? year. Latest data from the National Statistics Office (NSO) showed the inflation rate eased to a seven-month low of 3. 9 percent in June form 4. 3 percent in May bringing the average inflation to 4. 2 percent for the first half of the year from five percent in the same period last year. Inflation last month was the lowest since the 2. 8 percent recorded in November last year. Tetangco said the lower inflation gave monetary authorities enough elbow room to keep its key policy rates at record low during their meeting on July 15. â€Å"This inflation path therefore puts the full year inflation targets for 2010 and 2011 fairly safe, and thus provides BSP flexibility when we review the stance of monetary policy next week,† he added. However, the BSP chief pointed out that it was still early to rule out a possible policy rate hike within the year. The central bank’s Monetary Board has kept its policy rates nchanged for eight consecutive policy-setting meetings since July last year in the face of uncertain global economic prospects and with recovery proceeding at different stages and speeds in various parts of the world. It would be recalled that the Monetary Board decided to slash its key policy rates by 200 basis points between December of 2008 and July of 2009 as part of its accommodative stance to cushion the impact of the global economic meltd own. This brough the overnight borrowing rate at a record low of four percent and the overnight lending rate at six percent.

Reservoir Dogs 2 Essays - English-language Films,

Reservoir Dogs 2 Reservoir Dogs "I don't give a fuck what you know or don't know, but I'm gonna torture you anyway, regardless. Not to get information. It's so amusing for me to torture a cop. All you can do is pray for a quick death, which you aint gonna get." Mr. Blonde in Reservoir Dogs, 1992 This guy was the most twisted and sickly perverted guy in the whole movie. He had no reservations about killing people. He was brutal. He loved torture and death. By his own admission he liked to see the peoples' expressions when they died. He was totally ruthless. He had no conscience. I can't really explain why I liked this character so much. I don't EVER want to be like him or do the things he did. There was just something attractive about all his negative personality traits. Before he really starts getting into torturing the cop, he casually turns on the radio as if he needed some music to accompany the grizzly acts he was about to commit. He was a man who insisted on having total control. He liked controlling situations and people. When they were in the jewelry store he advised the employees not to hit the alarm. When they did, he started killing them. This was his way of regaining control of the situation. At the same time he was acting out this concept, he was actually totally out of control. He went fucking crazy in the store. He slaughtered the people lined up in the store like he was shooting clay ducks in a local carnival shooting gallery. I know this is a contradiction, but Mr. Blonde was a contradiction of himself. He had double standards. He hated the cop just because he was a cop. He didn't recognize him as a real person. Mr. Pink and Mr. White confirm this at the warehouse when they discuss him shooting REAL people, which cops are not. They say he just went crazy. They seemed to fear his craziness. His calm facade was a cover for the monstrous things he did to people. When he was in the warehouse with the hostage cop and Mr. Orange he appeared to be very calm. He sat smoking a cigarette while Pink and White argued over the chain of events. He wasn't calm. He couldn't wait to start torturing the hostage cop. You could see it in his face when Pink and White left. He almost looked like a kid left alone to tend a candy store. He was up and going the second they left. He was oh so gruesomely true to his belief that cops weren't people that he begins to prove this through his torture "techniques". He treats the cop like an object as opposed to a human being. He slashes off his ear and speaks into it like it was a play phone. He dances over to the gas can, swirls around the warehouse floor and soaks the guy in gas. He taunts the man by lighting a cigarette and holding it over the puddle of gas. This was a thrilling game to him. He wanted to see this man suffer before he finally died. He was also true to his fellow thugs. When everyone else was panicking, he remained cool. He insisted they stick to their original plan...to the end. He told them he had spoken to Nice Guy Eddie and everything was to be done according to the original plan. Mr. Blonde was a messed up dude. His whole personality was a contradiction. Maybe that's why he was so hypnotizing. His bizarre behavior and calm facade made for a very unique character.

Free Essays on Indian Philosophy

Is there such thing as history repeating itself? In an American society, history is more or less forgotten only to be remembered annually on occasion. Most people remember holidays such as Christmas, Thanksgiving, The Fourth of July and even Mother’s Day. However, does one even know the framework behind the history? Furthermore, how is history applied in today’s America? If there was an answer it would be hap hazardous. The American society cares for its own customs and issues, nothing else matters. It is unfortunate that the ideal exists because for those who settled before America existed, are living the unfortunate life as once their ancestors. Native Americans (Aboriginal) have gone through issues such as equal rights, discrimination, poverty, etc. America does not show any remorse for that the Native Americans are their own people; let them survive like they used to. Fortunately, there is hope for the truth. In my Contemporary Concerns for Indigenous Iss ues class (PHIL 1050); we talk about many of those issues as well as learning to think objectively on how to take action. When I recalled about what I had learned, I think of three aspects of what the class studied. The federal case of Leonard Peltier, the rights of Native Americans and the issue of the University of Illinois’ school mascot, would definitely stand out amongst all the aspects I had learned. The Leonard Peltier Story is a film about the federal case of Leonard Peltier being convicted of killing two FBI agents. The beginning of the whole saga came to life when the FBI agents wrongly accused and tried to arrest Peltier and two others for stealing a pair of boots. Incidentally, arresting someone for a local crime was out of the FBI’s jurisdiction. Eventually, a car chase ensued and shooting followed. When the chase came to a halt, Leonard Peltier and others were on one side of a farm shooting at the federal agents. The agents were killed at po... Free Essays on Indian Philosophy Free Essays on Indian Philosophy Is there such thing as history repeating itself? In an American society, history is more or less forgotten only to be remembered annually on occasion. Most people remember holidays such as Christmas, Thanksgiving, The Fourth of July and even Mother’s Day. However, does one even know the framework behind the history? Furthermore, how is history applied in today’s America? If there was an answer it would be hap hazardous. The American society cares for its own customs and issues, nothing else matters. It is unfortunate that the ideal exists because for those who settled before America existed, are living the unfortunate life as once their ancestors. Native Americans (Aboriginal) have gone through issues such as equal rights, discrimination, poverty, etc. America does not show any remorse for that the Native Americans are their own people; let them survive like they used to. Fortunately, there is hope for the truth. In my Contemporary Concerns for Indigenous Iss ues class (PHIL 1050); we talk about many of those issues as well as learning to think objectively on how to take action. When I recalled about what I had learned, I think of three aspects of what the class studied. The federal case of Leonard Peltier, the rights of Native Americans and the issue of the University of Illinois’ school mascot, would definitely stand out amongst all the aspects I had learned. The Leonard Peltier Story is a film about the federal case of Leonard Peltier being convicted of killing two FBI agents. The beginning of the whole saga came to life when the FBI agents wrongly accused and tried to arrest Peltier and two others for stealing a pair of boots. Incidentally, arresting someone for a local crime was out of the FBI’s jurisdiction. Eventually, a car chase ensued and shooting followed. When the chase came to a halt, Leonard Peltier and others were on one side of a farm shooting at the federal agents. The agents were killed at po...

Education of Women and Girls Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Education of Women and Girls - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that  80 percent of out-of-school girls in Yemen and 62 percent in Pakistan are unlikely even to enter school, compared with 36 percent of boys in Yemen and 27 percent in Pakistan. The situation is the most dramatic in sub-Saharan Africa, where 12 million girls are unlikely to enroll. In 2007, eighteen sub-Saharan countries had the gender parity index (GPI) of less than 0,90, which meant that they had not achieved the goal of gender parity in primary schooling, set by UNESCO for 2005.  This paper discusses that  there is a strong inverse relation between gender parity and school enrolment; in poor countries with a low enrolment ratio there is usually a large disparity between boys and girls out-of-school. Thus, several developing countries have included strategies to reach gender parity as part of their wider policies aimed to provide all children with universal primary education. The policy measures introduced in Yemen to increase the gender par ity index contributed significantly to the increase in enrolment from 2.3 million in 1999 to 3.2 million in 2005. The interventions targeted at out-of-school girls, such as providing girls in grades 1 to 6 with free textbooks and employing more female teachers in rural areas, enabled many girls to enroll, which lead to an increased number of all school children. Due to security concerns and household labor demands, few parents decide to enroll their daughters in schools far away from home.

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage class Research Paper

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage class - Research Paper Example The affirmative action programs are the only one hopeful way that can be used to deal with racial segregation. According to David L. Chappell, elimination of the programs in the name of their ineffectiveness would just worsen the situation instead of resolving it. This mainly owes to the fact that, a long period of time would take before other effective programs can be formed. Thus, it would be better and more time effective to try to fix the loose ends of the current programs instead of eliminating them completely (Chappell, 3). The affirmative action programs are also still necessary due to the fact that discrimination and inequality are issues that need experience and expertise in order to be countered. Evidently, the affirmative action programs are fully equipped with these two qualities and thus, they can be very helpful in eliminating cases such as preferential treatment. With the issue of preferential treatment being very rampant in the United States, it is only the affirmative action programs that can help since they already have set procedures of solving such issues (Chappell, 4). Despite other people alleging that this action by the affirmative programs would lead to reverse discrimination, in my opinion, this would not happen since the program can come up with measures that just uphold equality without having negative impacts on any race. One other reason that supports the fact that affirmative action programs are still necessary is that; other countries such as India are also using the same programs to curtail inequality and discrimination among their citizens (Chappell, 5). The United States should therefore look out for the weaknesses of its program instead of doing away with it completely. Other countries such as Malaysia have also proved that indeed affirmative programs have positive results if well implemented. In conclusion, I strongly support the fact that affirmative action should still be

Operations in the News Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operations in the News - Research Paper Example For example, top law firms target the rich and large co-operations. The type of service delivered is different. According to Ayers (1), if people want top class service, then they should be willing to pay dearly. Some firms insist on feedback after service delivery and even check on their customers to see how well they are moving on. This sentimental approach creates a good rapport between the consumer and the company. Firms ensure that their products and services are delivered in time (Gillette 1). When their products are delivered in time it shows that they are reliable. It is a clear indication that they are dedicated to serving the consumers. Also, firms that offer services make sure that their employees uphold high discipline standards (Gillette 1). This is in order to ensure that their clients are treated with the respect they deserve. Good employees who display a high level of etiquette create a good working environment, and clients can recommend the services of the firm to their friends and family. This plays out as a leading strategy of marketing as people tend to believe their fellow family members and friends (Gillette 1). Firms also try as much as possible to uphold a good track record and avoid scandals as much as possible. Scandals tarnish the name of the firm and the outcome a disaster. Not only do clients fall back, but also investors to (Miles and Bennett 1). This is merely by the fact that no individual would like to be associated with unlawful acts. So maintaining a good track record helps to keep clients. Firms have different competitive strategies depending on what their core business is. Though different, they relate to each other in an impeccable manner. For example, the use of social media to market products has been taken up by many firms (Miles and Bennett 1). This is because of the emerging trends in the market whereby about 60% of the consumers use social

The Utilities Of Apollo 11

The Utilities Of Apollo 11 The Apollo 11 mission played an important role in the shaping of science and technology and it stands as a testament to mankinds ability to achieve greatness in spite of seemingly overwhelming challenges and obstacles. The Apollo 11 moon landing was a significant event that showed what humanity could accomplish. The success of Apollo 11 came at a time when American society was in crisis. Some people argue that this achievement of landing on the moon was mainly to beat the Russians to it in the space race and how the achievement was born out of hatred and distrust. This is not necessarily true, a growing fear of adjusting to a world in which United States technology and leadership was perceived as second best. This fear helped to fuel this great achievement. The Apollo 11 mission had a profound impact in the advancement of science and technology and the evolution of space exploration. Its clear that Apollo 11 was the crown of American space technology and is a major accomplishment in the history of space exploration. The Apollo project was a series of missions designed to land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth. Although earlier Apollo missions did achieve some success the grand achievement of a manned landing on the moon was Apollo 11. The following timeline for Apollo 11 was taken from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center courtesy of Dr. David R. Williams: The liftoff of Apollo 11 happened on the morning of July 16, 1969. Apollo 11 was manned by a three man crew composing of Neil Armstrong, Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin and Michael Collins. On July 20, 1969 after a trip of four days Apollo 11 arrived at the moon. At 4:18pm EDT the lunar module containing Neil Armstrong and Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin touched down on the moon. Aldrin in communications to Earth stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the eagle has landed (Aldrin, 1969). At 10:56pm EDT Neil Armstrong emerged from the lunar module and became the first human to set foot on the moon. Armstrong summed it up by saying Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind (Armstrong, 1969). On July 21, 1969 Apollo 11 departed from the moon after spending 22 hours there. On July 24, 1969 Apollo 11 splashed down returning the three astronauts safely to Earth. (Williams, 2005). Millions of people around the world watched this historic event happen on live television and listened to it via radio broadcasts. With the success of Apollo 11 Kennedys great vision became a reality and it was giant step in progress for humankind. The Apollo 11 mission has directly affected society with the notion of space exploration and it had a profound effect on the future of space exploration. It all started on May 25, 1961 during the height of the space race, President John F. Kennedys bold statement to Congress on urgent special needs was one that captivated the nation and set the events that followed in motion: First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him back safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish (Kennedy, 1961). This speech made by Kennedy in 1961 was the stuff of legends and ignited the dream of space exploration. Kennedy would further elaborate on this and offered the reason and explanation for such an undertaking during a speech he made at Rice University about the nations space effort on September 12, 1962: We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too (Kennedy, 1962). This speech spoke to the hearts of the American people and was one of the finest speeches made by Kennedy to rally the support of the American public in favor of space exploration. Both of these speeches were a great boost to the American space program and the push for space exploration. At the time of these speeches NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration had not placed a man in orbit around the Earth, let alone the moon. Nonetheless NASA engineers and scientists rose to challenge. The past successes of the Mercury and Gemini programs guided by Kennedys grand vision helped to develop the missions for the Apollo program and in the ultimate goal of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely back to Earth. While the Apollo program was during the Cold War with its political and rhetoric fears and concerns it was also a push to explore space and how that success was vital for America. The May 25, 1961 Kennedy speech was reinforced by the October 13, 1961 speech at the American Rocket Society by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson stated: If I could get one message to you it would be this: The future of this country and the welfare of the free world depend upon our success in space. There is no room in this country for any but a fully cooperative, urgently motivated all-out effort toward space leadership. No one person, no one company, no one Government agency, has a monopoly on the competence, the missions, or the requirements for the space program. It is and it must continue to be national job (Johnson, 1961). This speech by Johnson clearly expressed the outlook the United States had on space exploration and it would do whatever it took to be successful and how important that success was. All three of these speeches helped the development of Americas space program and space exploration in general. The first two speeches made by Kennedy were to inspire the American public on this grand enterprise and how the exploration of space was necessary for America. The speech by Johnson was aimed at how important success was in this endeavor for America and how American leadership in space was necessary for the future of America. The Apollo program and most noticeably Apollo 11 is a living testament to the triumph of human engineering in overcoming enormous challenges in spite of overwhelming odds. When Kennedy made the bold statement of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth in 1961 none of the technology and hardware or the workforce needed to achieve this goal existed. An article in the July 2009 issue of Mechanical Engineering, Burton Dicht stated In all, more than 400,000 engineers, scientists, and technicians working for more than 20,000 companies and universities contributed to Apollos Success (Dicht, 29). This massive collaborative undertaking was unheard of at the time and showed what can be accomplished by working together. The Apollo 11 mission united the people working on it with a common goal and belief that America would achieve it first. During the 1960s engineers and scientists were in great demand to overcome the vast engineering difficulties in the race to get into space . An article in the September 2005 issue of Mechanical Engineering, John Varrasi says At no other time were engineers prouder of their work, contributions, and professional and civic responsibilities. Each successive space mission was an achievement for engineering, for the nation, and for mankind (Varrasi, 46). The 1960s were the glory days for engineering with almost unlimited recourses and funding all geared toward the exploration of space. In many ways the engineers and scientists were heroes in their own right for making the success of Apollo 11 a reality. With the limited computer power at the time some things could not be done by computer and had to be done by other means. Nick Smith in the July 2009 issue of Engineering Technology talks with Buzz Aldrin about the Apollo program, he quotes Aldrin as saying, We chose to use humans to aid things like re-entry, final closure breaking and docking maneuvers. We made use of humans, rather than try to automate everything and I thin k we made wise decisions when exploring how to do these things (Aldrin, 77). This was a wise decision as the computing power at the time was still in its intimacy and wasnt efficient in doing certain mechanical calculations or to make the needed corrective changes that arose in solving them. Apollo 11 was a great collaborative feat of human engineering and coordination and the success of Apollo 11 proved that American scientific and technological power would remain supreme in the area of space exploration. Public coverage of the American space program through the press and television provided a great boost of support and enthusiasm that helped to retain national interest in the space program. Michael Beschloss in the book Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership writes, public interest in space science, rocket technology, and detailed knowledge regarding space exploration had exploded. This, captured the American imagination, made them strongly support the space program because it promised the chance to establish American superiority in space (Beschloss 63). All of this led to strengthen the influence the space program had on the American people and helped to combat the fears the public had that America would lose the resulting space race. The space race has been called many of things and some would dismiss it as commonplace of the Cold War era, in all reality it was just a heated rivalry between two opposing nations that played on political fears. Space and ultimately the m oon was the battleground for this rivalry as each side strove to achieve superiority. For America the political goal was to prove to the world that American technology and leadership were superior. An article in the July 2009 issue of Engineering Technology, Piers Bizony writes Neither Russia nor America at the time would have reached for space, let alone the moon, if that prize hadnt beguiled the many millions of ordinary people they were trying to impress with their propaganda campaigns (Bizony, 22). While this is one view of how the space program was seen it is true to a sense; the growing fear of adjusting to a world in which American technology and leadership came to be thought of as second best was seen as a real threat. If the Soviet Union could solidify its superiority in outer space, it would strengthen its influence and hold on the people of the world. This would have profound diplomatic and commercial consequences for America and the American way of life (Oberg, 2009). T his never happened, Apollo 11 succeeded in its mission of putting American astronauts on the moon and by doing so also succeeded in its purpose. Winning the race to the moon gave the American people a great sense of confidence and pride not to mention a sense of direction that America would lead the world in the exploration of space. This success of Apollo 11 came at a time when American society was in crisis and that success helped to sustain the nation through the turbulent years of internal turmoil that followed. Mark Albrecht, former Executive Security of the National Space Council in his book, Falling Back to Earth comments on Apollo 11, he writes, It was an achievement that won the admiration of nations and fueled innovation (Albrecht, 58). He further elaborates on this in a 2011 Washington Times article he stated: Since 1960, Americas space program has been the crown jewel and Exhibit A of American exceptionalism. It has been a symbol of our spirit, ingenuity and technological prowess. It has fueled and sustained an economic expansion unparalleled in history and has powered the most awesome and unrivaled global military capability since the Roman Empire (Albrecht, 2011). The statement made by Albrecht clearly expresses how important the space program was during the 1960s and how its success changed the future of America and humanity forever. While many have identified the moon landing as the crowning achievement of civilization, it is also a great technological feat and as such has had an impact on culture. In the book Societal Impact of Spaceflight, Andrew Chaikin wrote the cultural impact of Apollo has been multifaceted. It was an event of international importance and yet it touched countless lives on an intensely personal level (Chaikin, 53). This touching of lives caused by Apollo was a turning point in the history of space exploration. It helped to boost commercial and economic growth. It helped to further education in the advancement of science, math and engineering. It also changed or altered worldwide views of how we see ourselves and how we perceive our place in the universe. For some of the American public the moon landing was a contradiction. Darren Jorgensen, Discipline Chair of Visual Arts for the School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts of the University of Australia wrote an article in the 2009 is sue of Sociological Review, he wrote Rather than an heroic victory for the American way of life, the broadcast represented the kinds of disorientation and self-doubt that this society was experiencing during the 1960s (Jorgensen, 178). These feelings of alienation and self-doubt by the public were not surprising, at the time of the moon landing America was in turmoil and many questioned or opposed Apollo saying the cost for it could be better spent elsewhere and was out of tune with the urgent needs of Earth (Chaikin, Societal Impact of Spaceflight, 56). Apollo was a unique point in American history it undoubtedly had a profound effect on culture that pushed into the political and social aspects as well. The political and technological circumstances of the 1960s and the national priority of space exploration were all key elements in the success of putting an American man on the moon. This kind of culture shaping event would probably not be seen again as the next decade had its own p roblems to deal with, least of all the Vietnam War and the priorities shifted as the time changed. John Logsdon, former director of the space policy institute and current member of the NASA Advisory council wrote in his book John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon, he wrote In undertaking the lunar landing program, John Kennedy linked the politics of the moment with the dreams of centuries and the aspirations of the nation (Logsdon, 4). The Apollo project was the means for America to achieve its prestige in the space race and in the Cold War and its effect would be long lasting on culture and humanity. The Apollo mission unfired the American public in a way that gave them something they could be proud of. It was a great voyage of discovery and with coverage of the event provided by television, it gave the public the chance to follow along with and in a sense partake in the event. At the time nothing of the sort had ever been done, the implications and the outcome of the event had a huge impact and changed the culture of America and the world. The Apollo 11 moon landing was a groundbreaking event that changed the world. It is a living testament to mankinds ability to achieve greatness in spite of enormous odds and challenges. It showed what America could accomplish when united and working towards a common goal. While it was a race for superiority in the resulting space race, it also played a key role in the shaping of science and technology. The Apollo 11 mission proved Americas capability to advance science and technology. The nation was left in awe by the achievements made by the aerospace industry during the 1960s and ultimately the moon landing. Apollo brought about technological advances in computer circuitry and engineering along with numerous innovations that have improved our understanding of space and that has affected modern society immensely. Apollo 11 and the moon landing event was a vast and cultural shaping force that undeniably inspired how science and the future evolve. Works Citied Albrecht, M. (2011). Americas space rash is crashing. Washington Times. July 6, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/6/americas-space-program-is-crashing/ Albrecht, M. (2011). Falling Back to Earth: A First Hand Account of the Great Space Race and the End of the Cold War. San Mateo, CA: New Media Books. Beschloss, M. (1997). Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Bizony, P. (2009, July). The great uncertainty of Apollo. Engineering Technology, 4(12). 20-23. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi:10.1049/et.2009.1201). Dicht, B. (2009). The most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.. Mechanical Engineering, 131(7), 28-35. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. Dick, S. and Launius, R., ed. (2007). Societal Impact of Spaceflight. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Johnson, L. B. Aeronautical and Astronautical Events of October-December 1961. Report to the Committee on Science and Aeronautics. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/1961-4.html. Jorgensen, D. (2009). Middle America, the moon, the sublime and the uncanny. Sociological Review, 57. 178-189. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2009.01824.x) Kennedy, J. F. Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs, May 25, 1961. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=8151. Kennedy, J. F. Address at Rice University on the Nations Space Effort, September 12, 1962. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved on October 7, 2012, from http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Speeches/Address-at-Rice- University-on-the-Nations-Space-Effort-September-12-1962.aspx. Logsdon, J. M. (2010). John f. Kennedy and the race to the moon. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Oberg, James. (2009). The secret formula for going to the moon. NBC News website. July 14, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from h ttp://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5380736/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/secret- formula-going-moon/ Smith, N. and Schuster, A. (2009, July). Out of this world. Engineering Technology, 4(12). 20-23. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from Academic Search Complete database. (doi:10.1049/et.2009.1201). Varrasi, J. (2005). Reach for the Sky. Mechanical Engineering, 127(9), 44-46. Retrieved from academic Search Complete database. Williams, D. (2005). 25th anniversary of Apollo 11: 1969 1994. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. May 24, 2005. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11.html.