Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Project management - Essay Example A project manger should be aware of leading a group of people rather than only managing them. Being a project manger can be a wonderful experience, not only is it challenging but it also helps us in stretching our minds and abilities further than what we thought. A project is a usually a small venture to create products or services. In some organization which comprises of application developers, consultants or IT integration whatever they do is a project because they complete a project for other organization or for their own business success. Therefore, as Kevin Kocis mentioned in his interview that the best part of IT Project management is leading and initiative that solves the business needs and or helps in the success of the business. IT Management is the all about implementing of technology and inspiring the team members. In a technical project the largest group of people involved are the users. Now that we have established the meaning of Project Management we shall proceed further and see what is required to start a project. To start a project all the information about the same is collected from people who are associated or have interest in the project. After all the information is gathered, than the project manager fits them together and finalizes whether this information can be deemed as a project or not. This similar theory is also explained by Kevin Kocis. The Project manger should establish the start and end time of the project. He is responsible for seeing whether the target is achieved and also developing ways to reach the target and making way for his team members. The one who is funding the project is known as the project sponsor. The project sponsor shall determine what the end result of the project should look like. To communicate between his seniors and team, the project manger acts like the interpreter as sometime the person who is funding the project is unaware about the information and relies on the project manager to help him

Theoretical Matrix Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Matrix Essay This multi-staged model describes how a human system might experience, react to, and then adjust to change over time (Smith, 2010). The components of this Model of change consist of six stages: the first stage: old status quo is the current norm, the second stage: foreign element is something happens that interrupts the familiarity of the status quo, the third stage: chaos is the reaction to a foreign element that throws you into chaos, the fourth stage: transforming ideas gives you a new understanding of what to do, you begin to see a way out of the chaos, the fifth stage: practice and integration: you start to try your new idea or new behavior. The last stage new status quo: the new norm. According to Emery, (2012) â€Å"it is the nature of individuals to resist change and cling to familiar ways of doing things†. The Old Status Quo the group is at a familiar place. The performance pattern is consistent. Stable relationships give members a sense of belonging and identity. Members know what to expect, how to react, and how to behavior (Smith, 2012).Foreign Elements in this sage something happens that shatters the familiarity of the old status quo. A significant event that is internal or external seeking change that threatens the stability of familiar powers. Chaos the foreign elements throw you into chaos. In this stage, you are suddenly in unfamiliar waters where your things are unpredictable, and your usual pattern behaviors do not work. Your performance is affected and people around you may not act in unusual ways (Emery, 2012). Transforming ideas eventually the group transforms. You create lots of new ideas when you are in Chaos. Transforming ideas gives the group a new understanding of why’s, what and how’s. They began to see a way out of the chaos (Emery, 2012). Integration and Practice is the period of assimilation, you are transforming ideas into your operation, and a new status quo begins. You learn quickly and make progress. You make lots of mistakes, and every now and then your progress slips back to old status quo. You learn what works and what doesn’t. You have become more skilled and your performance is back up. You sense you are moving towards a new status quo (Emery, 2012). The New Status Quo your performance began to level off as you master your new skill. You start to feel good about your rapid learning. With time, the newness fades, and the â€Å"new status quo† become the â€Å"old status quo† (Emery, 2012).| Satir’s change model can be applied to any organization large or small. Hospital information is changing rapidly affecting clinicians both in ambulatory and primary care practice settings who are struggling to keep up with the pace of emerging technology. The demand for improvement in hospital safety, quality and performance reporting has made it necessary for this clinical transformation of its care practice process. Switching from paper to electronic medical record is one technological demand driven by Medicare and Medicaid coverage and reimbursement policies Transition from paper to computer documentation is still a challenge in health care (Straube, 2005). The process for documenting patient care was formalized during the years of Florence Nightingale’s practice the old status quo. Older nurses are having difficulty adapting to this change because their generation was driven by paper so they didn’t have to use the computer whereas the younger nurses have been exposed to technology must of their lives. A foreign element has been implemented into the care environment this has disturbed the status quo Satir second stage of the change model. A primary care setting feed ac keas given by receptionist stating â€Å"no one has time to scan charts for a physician who brought 1,000 patients with him to the practice†. The arrival of the â€Å"foreign element† electronic medical record precipitates a period of â€Å"chaos† According to Kiel (2011). â€Å"This is both the most liberating and terrifying aspect of the Satir Model†. The old way is out paper charting and the new way is in electronic medical record computer charting. Satir is optimistic in the fourth stage of the change model transforming idea people are calm, listening, being optimistic at that point they are ready to engage in problem solving. Not all transforming ideas are good you may have to try several times for chaos to achieve a renewed sense of direction (Kiel, 2011).Nurses that where apprehensive with the change from using paper charts to a computerized charting system where offered computer training classes, also some of the younger nurses offered to volunteer with in-house tutorial assistance. Chart software was purchase to help with staff development Rothenberg (2005). With integration and practice this stage of Satir’s change model the implementation of computerized charting nurses found themselves becoming more proficient in knowing more about computer technology and computer systems. According to Kiel (2011) â€Å"It is impossible to have too much support after implementation phase†. The last stage of Satir change model â€Å"new status quo† the older nurses now believe using a computer is like turning pages in a book. You access different screens and follow assigned task, like pain management vital signs, and a third for IO (Rose, 2011). | Kotter model| Kotter identified eight steps within the model after building on Lewin’s change model. Borkowski, 2005 identifies the following eight steps; (1) Establish a sense of urgency; This deals with the need for change and examines theOrganization’s crises, opportunity and competition.(2) Create a powerful guiding coalition; This should include all members not part of upper management. (3) Develop a vision; Create a vision for the change strategies to achieve it. (4) Communicate the vision; Using strategies and ways in which to communicate the vision, including new behaviors. (5) Empower others to act on the vision; Eliminate barriers to change creative problem solving. (6) Plan for and create short-term wins; plans for vision improvement recognize and reward staff involved.(7) Consolidate improvement produce more change; using hiring, promoting and developing employees to create more change.(8) Institutionalize new approaches; Reinforce changes by highlighting connection between new behavior Organizational success, ensure leadership succession (Borkowski, 2005). Utilizing Kotter’s model can be a guideline for all Organizations, when trying to implement a change process. According Du Plessis 2011, the biggest mistake people can make during a change intervention is tostart the process before a high enough sense of urgency has been established. Complacency is the biggest resistance factor to overcome in a change intervention, especially if there is no major or visible crisis.| Kotter eight step model can be applied in both small and large Organizations. For a change process to take place it is important to communicate with the staff members what is going to be implemented. Member’s involvement is also a significant factor. Being involved allows the individual to feel valued which makes the transition much easier. According to Spector 2010, people will become more committed to implementing solution, if they have been involved in the problem-solving process. For change to stick, it has to be integrated into the total psychic framework or personality and has to be supported by others whose opinions and perceptions the person cares about. (Winter, 2 002). Many Organizations feel that there is a need for change to improve the effective and quality of services offered to their customers. Examining Kotter model has key aspects in a change process. Important aspects such as; need for change, member inclusion, strategies problem solving, communication, rewards and recognition are all significant for small as well as large Organization to be successful. These key approaches will have less resistance and balance between the new structure and positive behavior among all staffs. Example of Organizations are health care settings; hospitals, nursing homes, and rehab facilities. | Complexity Theory| The complexity theory has emerged from the natural sciences in the 20ths century. It allows understanding of unexpected phenomena. The complexity theory (CT) has two applications. The metaphorical application is used by social science and a mathematical application is implemented by the physical sciences. The complexity theory addresses the dynamic, nonlinear, and complex nature of systems or organizations. Complex systems have multiple subsystems interacting at the same time with one another by nonlinear intertwined feedback loops which can produce unexpected results (Sanger Giddings, 2012). The complexity theory provides the following observations; first, small changes can generate massive or unpredictable changes. Second, changes applied under similar conditions are not guarantee to have the same outcomes. The results are unpredictable. Third, cause and effect are not continuous or directly proportional functions. Fourth, culture generates diversity so a standardization of processes cannot be implemented (Hoffman, 2012). The butterfly effect is exhibited in complex systems. This idea makes it easy to understand and remember the essence of the complexity theory. The butterfly effect explains that â€Å"small changes in a complex system may lead to large, unpredictable changes over time† (Sanger Giddings, 2012). This theory provides information on how the organization adapts to the environment and variable conditions.| The complexity model seems appropriate to deal with the constantly changing environment of the health care system. Managers and employees have to embrace the uniqueness of this system since they are forced to lead others particularly in the critical care environment. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) involves medical, social, psychological, and intertwined interactions. In addition, state and federal policies affecting the organization are considered as macro factors (Sanger Giddings, 2012). Federal and state issues focus on reducing the high cost of medical care and improving patient quality of care. One way that most hospitals are meeting these requirements is by keeping current with scientific advances in the medical field. Continuing education and updated knowledge have been essential in order to incorporate change and provide optimal patient care. This is not enough to improve overall performance of a complex system. Principles of complexity theory need to be applied in order to achieve optimal goals (Hoffman, 2012). The intensive care unit is a dynamic system affected by multiple factors interacting nonlinearly that can lead to unpredictable results. Complexity theory application can provide information on unexpected outcomes. Sedation administration, Rapid Response Teams (RRTs), and infection control are some of practices that will benefit from complexity theory application. Sedation administration in the ICU is done based on standard protocol in order to prevent failed spontaneous breathing, coma, and delirium. Unfortunately, more than 30% of patients still reported some of these symptoms. These unexpected results need to be evaluated using the complexity model (Hoffman, 2012).. | References Borkowski, N. (2005). Organizational Behavior in health care. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Du Plessis, M. (2011). Re-implementing an Individual Performance Management System as Change Intervention at Higher Education Institutions Overcoming Staff Resistance. Proceedings Of The European Conference On Management, Leadership Governance, 105-115. Emery, D. H. (2011). Managing yourself through change. Retrieved from www.http:// dhemery.com/articles/managing_yourself_through_change.html Hoffman, L. (2012). High-Value health care: Implication from Complexity Theory. Critical Care Alert, 20(7), 49-21. Kiel, D. (2011). Leading People Through Change. Retrieved from: www. http://cfe.unc.edu/pdfs/leading_people.html Rose, J.F. (2011). Charting challenges. Retrieved from: www. http://news.nurse.com/article.html Rothenberg, B. (2005). Medical technology as a driver of healthcare cost. Retrieved www.bcbs.com Sanger, M., Giddings, M. (2012). Teaching note a simple approach to complexity theory. Journal of Social Work Education, 48(2), 369-375. Schein, E. H. (2002, Winter). Models and tools for stability and change in human systems. Reflections, 4(2), 34-46. Retrieved from week 3 electronic reading. Smith, S, M. (2012). The Satir Change Model. Retrieved from www.http://stevensmith.com/ar-satir-change-model.html Spector, B. (2010). Implementing organizational change: Theory into practice (2nd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Local Safeguarding Children Board Social Work Essay

Local Safeguarding Children Board Social Work Essay Physical abuse: This is any form of harm caused to the body, which may include one or more episodes of aggressive behavior, usually resulting in physical injury with possible damage to internal organs, sense organs, the central nervous system etc. Sexual abuse: This is when a sexual act is carried out without the consent or understanding of the service user involved. This can include sexual penetration of any part of the body, touching inappropriate parts of the body without informed agreement, sexual exploitation and/or threats regarding sexual activity. Emotional / psychological abuse: service users being bullied, controlled, intimidated or taken advantage of . Service users needs being ignored, reports of shouting, screaming, swearing, scared of raised voices, distressed, being teased, being humiliated, un respected, not being given choice, opinion,    dignity, privacy, being undermined. Financial abuse: This can be the case when a third party is controlling or spending a service users money. Not being made aware of their own finances, family controlling service users money and not making it available for the service user to use, control of their finances being taken away even if able to deal with them, sudden changes in the service users will, personal belongs going missing, unusual spending patterns, others moving into the service users property. | Institutional abuse: This can occur in a care home, nursing home, acute hospital or in-patient setting and can be any of the following For example, being made to do things not of the service users own free will, i.e. under duress, being forced into acts they are not compliant with (or being forced into behaviour they are not happy with) such as set meal times, set bedtimes, freedom restricted. Self neglect: This is when a service user neglects their own basic needs, such as personal care not eating/drinking, not taking medication, neglecting personal hygiene, neglecting appearance. Neglect by others: This can occur when a third party neglects a service user, whether intentionally or via oversight. Neglect can involve not catering for the service users basic needs such as nutritional needs, healthcare/hygiene needs, leaving a service user without adequate finances, neglecting medication needs. Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse The indicators or warning signs of abuse can be clues that something is happening in the life of the service user that should be looked into. Some indicators are obvious signs of abuse. Other indicators are subtle, requiring careful observation. Signs/symptoms of: Physical abuse Bruises, Burns, Cuts or scars, marks left by a restraint, imprint injuries (eg., marks shaped like fingers, thumbs, hands, belts or sticks), missing teeth, bald spot in hair (from pulled hair) , eye injuries, broken bones ,sprains, abrasions or scrapes, sudden onset of psychosomatic complaints, sudden difficulty walking or sitting. Sexual abuse unusual sexual behaviour, blood or marks on underclothes, recurrent genital/urinary infections, loss of confidence, lack of interest in appearance, sleeping problems, feeling depressed, frequent complaints of abdominal pain. Emotional/Psychological abuse changes in the way affection is shown, sudden onset of nightmares, changes in sleep patterns, difficulty sleeping, sudden regression to childlike behaviors (i.e., bed-wetting, thumb-sucking), cruelty to animals, sudden fear of a person or place, depression, withdrawal, or mood swings any unexplained change in behaviour. Financial abuse unpaid bills, no money for food, clothing, or medication, unexplained withdrawal of money from someones bank account, family member or representative refuses to spend money on the adults behalf, possessions disappear, family member or another person forces an adult to sign over Power of Attorney against their own  will. Institutional abuse Inability to make choices or decisions, not being offered an advocate when needed, no awareness of own rights, agitation if routine broken, not person centred, care plans not available to service user, strict times for routines which MUST be adhered to, carer/company using policy and procedure as a reason for not doing something for the service user without making an effort to find another way to do it, lack of personal clothing or possessions, denial of visitors or phone calls, lack of privacy, lack of adequate procedures (e.g. for medication, financial management, controlling relationships between staff and service users, poor professional practice, high number of complaints, accidents or incidents. These are all signs that may be shown when institutional abuse is occurring. Self neglect Signs shown when self-neglect is happening to a service user are poor personal hygiene, no food in the cupboards or fridge, rapid weight loss Neglect by others When services users are being neglected by others signs that this is happening may be, they become ill, hungry, cold, dirty, injured, deprived of their rights and rapid weight loss may become evident. Describe the factors that may contribute to a service user being more vulnerable to abuse Vulnerable people may be more susceptible to abuse when carers have made changes to their lives that they are not comfortable with, when there is no family to support them, when they have more than one carer supporting them, when they do not know how/where to make a complaint, when they need more care than they are currently receiving, when their carers become dependent on alcohol or drugs, when living in housing which has no adaptations, are socially isolated or are not aware of their rights. 2. Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse Explain the actions to take if there are suspicions that an service user is being abused I would firstly observe the service user and if I became suspicious that he/she was being abused I would ask if they are okay. I would next inform my line manager of my concerns and discreetly document my concerns, but I would not ask the service user leading questions. Explain the actions to take if an service user alleges that they are being abused If a service user alleges that they are being abused I would need to stay calm, Listen very carefully, ensure that he/she is not in any immediate danger, call for emergency services if urgent medical / police help is required and be aware that medical and forensic evidence might be needed, encourage the person not to wash or bathe in a major incident of abuse as this could disturb medical/forensic evidence. I would next tell the person that they did the right thing in telling me, express concern and sympathy about what has happened, reassure that the information will be taken seriously and give information about what will happen next, let the service user know that they will be kept involved at every stage; that they will be told the outcome and who will do this. Give the service user contact details of somebody that is in a position to help further so that they can report any further issues or ask any questions that may arise. Next I would explain that I must tell my Line Manager, t hen inform my Line Manager of the situation immediately and explain what I have been told along with my concerns. Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved I would begin by making a written record of messages (e.g. answer-phone) to ensure they are not lost (including the date and time and sign them), ensure written records (notes, letters, bank statements, medication records etc.) are kept in a safe place. If this involves physical abuse I would not tidy up, wash clothes, bedding, other items, or try to clear/tidy anything up. I would try not to touch anything unless I have to for the immediate wellbeing of the service user if I have to I would then make a record of what I have done. If any sexual abuse has been committed I would discourage the service user from washing, drinking, cleaning their teeth or going to the toilet until the police are present. I would then try to ensure that no one else enters the premises (apart from medical staff or necessary people in positions of authority until the police arrive. I would contact my Line Manager to try to ensure that the alleged perpetrator does not have any contact with the service user, record any physical signs or injuries using a body map or hand drawing and write a description of any physical signs or injuries including size, shape, colour etc. I would lastly sign and date my notes and any other records I have made. 3. Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from abuse Identify national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse No secrets (Department of Health2000) Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adults policy, (SOVA) Care Quality commission (CQC) Mental Capacity Act Independent safeguarding authority (ISA) National occupational standards General social care commission In safe hands Local safeguarding children board Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting service users from abuse No secrets Provides guidance to local agencies that have a responsibility to investigate and take action when a vulnerable adult is believed to be suffering from abuse. It offers a structure and content for the development of local inter-agency policies, procedures and joint protocols which will draw on good practice nationally and locally; and encourages partnership working between all statutory, voluntary and private agencies that work with vulnerable adults. P.O.V.A List The Care Standards Act 2000 introduced a list for the protection of vulnerable adults known as the POVA list which listed care workers who were considered unsuitable to work with vulnerable adults. Section 82(1) of the Act provides that a person who provided care for vulnerable adults must refer a care worker to the Secretary of State if the provider had dismissed a care worker on the grounds of misconduct which harmed or placed at risk of harm a vulnerable adult. Every child matter Every Child Matters, the governments vision for childrens services was published in September 2003 as part of the response to the death of Victoria Climbie. It proposed reshaping childrens services to help achieve the following five key outcomes for children and young people: Be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution, achieve economic well-being. It focuses on supporting families and carers and prevent them reaching crisis point and prevent child abuse. Care standards act 2000 The Care Standards Act 2000 came into effect in April 2002, replacing the Residential Homes Act 1984 and the Residential Homes Amendment Act 1991. The Act set up a new system of national minimum standards for services It established a major regulatory framework for social care to ensure high standards of care and will improve protection of vulnerable people. Implementation led to the establishment of the independent National Care Standards Commission (NCSC). Quality Care Commission Established through the Care standards Act, the care quality commission aim is to promote improvements in care via its triple functions of inspection, regulation and review of all social care services. It provides a comprehensive overview of social care in England and works at a local level, at a national level, and across all sectors. Regular reviews of social care provision are published. General Social Care Council (GSCC) The Care standards Act also established the GSCC, the first ever UK-wide codes of practice for social workers and employers were launched in September 2002. It is the regulatory body for the social care workforce in England. Their codes of practice provide a clear guide for all those who work in social work, setting out the standards of practice and conduct workers and their employers should meet. They are a critical part of regulating the workforce and helping to improve levels of professionalism and public protection. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) barring scheme The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) introduced a new vetting and barring scheme for those who work with children and vulnerable adults. The scheme was launched in autumn 2008 and replaced the Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA) arrangements. The scheme covers health and social care services. All new job applicants who will be working with children or vulnerable adults must have a Criminal Records Bureau (CRB disclosure) which gives prospective employers information about any criminal records history guiding their decision on the applicants suitability to work with children or vulnerable adults. The Independent Safeguarding Authoritys (ISA) role is to help prevent unsuitable people from working with children and vulnerable adults. We assess those individuals working or wishing to work in regulated activity that are referred to us on the grounds that they pose a possible risk of harm to vulnerable groups. There are two principal routes by which referrals are made to the ISA. Firstly, when a person applies for ISA registration, any convictions or cautions which are considered relevant would trigger a referral. The other way a referral would be made is where an employer or an organisation, for example, a regulatory body, has concerns that a person has caused harm or poses a future risk of harm to children or vulnerable adults. In these circumstances the employer or regualtory body must make a referral to the ISA. Local Safeguarding Children Board (LSCB) Under the Children Act 2004, each local authority is required to set up a Local Safeguarding Children Board (LSCB). The legislation followed concern over high profile instances of child abuse, such as the Victoria Climbie case.   LSCBs are responsible for local arrangements for protecting children and young people. They provide inter-agency guidelines for child protection Where someone has concerns relating to anyone who holds a position of trust or responsibility for children or young people, these should be discussed with and reported to the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO). 3.3 Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse I have identified two separate reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse (below). The first is a link to the tv documentary Panorama and the second is an article reported in the daily mail on 23 November 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011pwt6 The attached link from the BBC Panorama programme show how on the top floor of a special hospital, locked away from their families and friends, a group of men and women are subjected to a regime of physical assaults, systematic brutality, and torture by the very people supposed to be caring for them. The victims are some of the most vulnerable in society the learning disabled, the autistic, and the suicidal. In a Panorama Special, Paul Kenyon exposes the truth about a gang of carers out of control, and how the care system ignored all the warning signs. Daily Mail article printed 23/11/11 by Daniel Martin, Whitehall Correspondent Cruelty of the carers: Damning report into home help for the elderly finds neglect so appalling some wanted to die These small acts of cruelty are being enacted, possibly unthinkingly, every day Cancer victim, 76, had to struggle to kitchen to heat up a meal because it was claimed health and safety rules meant home helpers could not operate a microwave Another patient, her 90s, put to bed at 2.45pm Read more:  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2064957/Elderly-people-abused-carers-Neglect-bad-pensioners-wanted-die.html#ixzz23Xe5Hjrp Identify sources of information and advice about own role in safeguarding and protecting service users from abuse My company policies and procedures will outline my specific work role regarding safeguarding and protecting service users from abuse and the mandatory yearly safeguarding of vulnerable adults training will make me aware of the legislations dedicated to abuse, and my role in safeguarding vulnerable adults. 4. Understand ways to reduce the likelihood of abuse Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by: Working with person centred values: When taking a person centered approach the carer would be working with the service users, discussing their needs and preferences for care. This approach would enable the service user to gain trust in the carer, by having a caring person who they can talk to. The carer would then gain a deeper understanding of the service users preferences and beliefs. Thus, empowering the service user, upholding their rights and beliefs and reducing the risk for abuse. Read more:  http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_adopting_a_person_centred_approach_which_offers_choices_and_upholds_rights_can_empower_an_individual_and_help_to_reduce_the_likelihood_of_abuse#ixzz23u4FTLNw Encouraging active participation Encouraging active participation builds self esteem, therefore the service user will refuse to tolerate abuse and will be more inclined to report it. They are also around other people when actively participating, which will help to build friendships in which they can share things they may tell one of these friends if abuse should happen, which could lead to the service user obtaining help. Promoting choice and rights Service users have a right to dignity and freedom from discrimination.    They should be treated with respect and shown that their feelings are considered in the care they receive.    Service users should be empowered by being given choices and encouraged to make their own decisions, in this respect the likelihood of being abused by a carer is diminished. Explain the importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse Promoting choice and rights is also addressed by having an accessible complaints procedure. This may be included in a service users welcome pack and backs up the service users rights, thus enabling the person to know who they can go to with a complaint or concern about any aspect of their treatment or care. This will give the person confidence in being able to file a complaint, who to complain to, the procedure to follow and what will happen when they have complained. 5. know how to recognize and report unsafe practices Describe unsafe practices that may affect the well-being of service users This can include a variety of practices, such as, carers not been properly/adequately trained for using equipment (eg hoists etc), carelessness, being too tired to carry out the role correctly, cutting corners due to time restrictions, inexperience, faulty equipment being used. Explain the actions to take if unsafe practices have been identified If unsafe practices are identified they need to be reported to my immediate line manager so that the person identified can be retrained or the condition remedied to prevent further damage. Describe the action to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response The national minimum standards (NMS) calls upon all care providers to have whistleblowing arrangements (which my organization also has), which will protect me and my job when I report my concerns. Whistle blowing is about helping people working for an organisation, to raise legitimate concerns or worries about unsafe or bad practices. If my concerns are not acted upon or I feel they have not been dealt with correctly I can pass my concerns on to the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and know that they will respond appropriately. Depending on the severity of my concerns I may feel it necessary to alternatively contact my Local authority safeguarding team or the police.

The Role of the Church in the Renaissance Essay example -- Art History

The Christian Church was absolutely instrumental in the art of the Renaissance. It was the driving force behind every inspiration; without the Church, there would have been no art. The Church was the only institution powerful enough to be able to support the commissions of all of the artwork, and it was the only institution, in which people had enough faith and devotion to spend so much of their time and money creating pieces that—although beautiful—were not necessities. The role of religion in art actually began during the Byzantine era. During this time, all artwork was religious in nature, and most of it was done in a consistently similar style so that figures from the Bible could be easily recognized by everyone and so that people had a consistent view of religious matters. Art during this time was largely iconic, meant to inspire the awe of God in the viewer. Along with various versions of the crucifix, one of the most popular images of the Byzantine style wa s The Pantokrator, an image of Jesus Christ as shown from above. An example of one of these pieces was done in the twelfth century in the abbey church of Monreale in the city of Palermo. Jesus is a monumental figure that takes up much of the space across the apse of the Church. One of his hands forms a mudra as the other holds the scripture. His fully frontal and direct stance along with the glimmering gold background serves to strike awe and fear into the viewer. Clearly this piece was done with the intent to impress the value and mightiness of religion first and attention to the detail and technique of the art second. This emphasis on religion continued deep into the Renaissance, as the Church was one of the few organizations that could fund such massive un... ...udgment in the afterlife. Giotto’s Arena Chapel, Duccio’s Maestà  , and Masaccio’s Trinity are only a few examples of the Church’s overarching influence on Renaissance art. Without the Church, there would have been no art. It was the increasing popularity of the Church with new orders of monks in the 1200s that created a greater need for religious images, and with more production of art, the style began to change. Religion was such an integral part of Renaissance culture that it makes sense that it would be the focus of its creativity. Works Cited Adams, Laurie Schneider. Italian Renaissance Art, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001. Shearmann, John. Only Connect†¦ Art and the Spectator in the Italian Renaisssance, Washington, D.C.: Princeton University Press, 1992. Welch, Evelyn. Art and Society in Italy 1350-1500, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Acc202 Mod3 Case Essay

ACC202 Module 3 Case Pg.1 ACC202 Module 3 Case James Davis Trident University ACC202 Module 3 Case Pg.2 Explain the main differences between the absorption and contribution (behavioral, variable) income statements. Will net income always be the same under the two approaches? If not, explain the difference. Under absorption income statement, the cost of per unit of inventory is inclusive of direct material, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead and fixed manufacturing overhead. on the other hand, in case of variable costing income statement, cost per unit of inventory is inclusive of direct material, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead. In case of absorption costing income statement, the gross margin is computed by deducting the cost of goods sold from the sales. On the other hand, in case of variable costing income statement variable expenses are deducted from sales to arrive at contribution margin and the fixed expenses are deducted from the contribution margin to arrive at sales. In case of absorption costing, the inventories are always valued at full costs. On the other hand, under variable costing, inventories are always valued at variable costs. The net income under two approaches will be the same if the production equals sales. In case the production is more than the sales, then absorption costing will show more profit than the variable costing income statement because the closing stock is valued at high cost per unit compared to variable costing because of inclusion of fixed manufacturing cost in the cost per unit. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay Comment specifically on why companies feel the need to create yet another income statement in a different format. What information can the company  gleam from this approach which is helpful as a tool in the decision making process. Managers need more ,and often times different, information than does outside organizations. The managers are the ones making the decisions that will affect the future of the company. The income statements that are created show much more detail and are formatted for specific reasons that are beneficial to the organization. ACC202 Module 3 Case Pg.3 Explain situations in which break-even analysis can be a useful tool. Provide a specific example. The goal of a break-even analysis is to show when a product is going to profitable. It allows managers to see what affects different cost changes have on the profit margin. An example of this is when Company A is developing product B. The break-even analysis shows all costs associated with producing that product. It also shows how much of the product must be sold in order to recoup the total cost of production. It will also allow managers to tweak things such as sell price to influence the outcome.

Legalization of Marijuana Analysis Report

Legalization of Medical Marijuana A proposal to the public Marijuana was first used in 2737 B. C for medical purposes by the Chinese for things like rheumatism, gout, and malaria. Though it was also used recreationally by ancient cultures, it was known more for its medicinal purposes. In 1545 the Spanish brought marijuana to the New World. In 1611 the English introduced marijuana in Jamestown, where it soon became a major cash crop alongside tobacco and was grown as a source of fiber. It was in the 1860’s that marijuana started to become regulated and restricted.Today there are 17 states in the U. S and Washington D. C, home to a number of our Country’s political leaders; that allow the use and sale of medical marijuana, with some restrictions of course. They include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Washington D. C. Medical marij uana could be a key to the nation’s deficit by creating a tax on the plant, that every U.S president has admitted to trying at least once with the exception of a handful, and already seems to be providing people with medical benefits throughout the nation. The purpose of this proposal is to make the public more aware of the issue with medical marijuana and the benefits it could possibly have to our society and state. Should marijuana be legal? Could Mississippi benefit from medical marijuana? There are stories all over the web of how people have benefited through the use of marijuana medically.Making marijuana legal for medical use in the state of Mississippi could create jobs, create revenue for the state, and help people in the process who suffer from medical disorders and diseases. I will conduct my research by giving a survey to a wide range of participants. I hope to gather my information for prospective questions through research that will relate or pertain to the issue of medical marijuana. I plan on doing a survey that will have anywhere from 10 to 15 questions. This survey, I hope, will shed some light on the opinions that people have about medical marijuana in Mississippi. Legalization of Marijuana Analysis Report Legalization of Medical Marijuana A proposal to the public Marijuana was first used in 2737 B. C for medical purposes by the Chinese for things like rheumatism, gout, and malaria. Though it was also used recreationally by ancient cultures, it was known more for its medicinal purposes. In 1545 the Spanish brought marijuana to the New World. In 1611 the English introduced marijuana in Jamestown, where it soon became a major cash crop alongside tobacco and was grown as a source of fiber. It was in the 1860’s that marijuana started to become regulated and restricted.Today there are 17 states in the U. S and Washington D. C, home to a number of our Country’s political leaders; that allow the use and sale of medical marijuana, with some restrictions of course. They include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Washington D. C. Medical marij uana could be a key to the nation’s deficit by creating a tax on the plant, that every U.S president has admitted to trying at least once with the exception of a handful, and already seems to be providing people with medical benefits throughout the nation. The purpose of this proposal is to make the public more aware of the issue with medical marijuana and the benefits it could possibly have to our society and state. Should marijuana be legal? Could Mississippi benefit from medical marijuana? There are stories all over the web of how people have benefited through the use of marijuana medically.Making marijuana legal for medical use in the state of Mississippi could create jobs, create revenue for the state, and help people in the process who suffer from medical disorders and diseases. I will conduct my research by giving a survey to a wide range of participants. I hope to gather my information for prospective questions through research that will relate or pertain to the issue of medical marijuana. I plan on doing a survey that will have anywhere from 10 to 15 questions. This survey, I hope, will shed some light on the opinions that people have about medical marijuana in Mississippi.

Free Essays on History Of Korean Economy

Few scholars of economics describe Korean economic success as â€Å"The miracle on the Han.† Korean economic success from the 1960s to 1980s is contributed by a number of international, social, political, and cultural factors. Korea’s economic transformation did not happen overnight or restricted to just few ingredients. In my opinion these factors were interrelated in many ways. Not one factor by itself could be responsible for such a complicated task. Influences of international powers have shaped Korean economy in many ways. Japan and United States’ influence has been extraordinary compared to others. Japanese colonialism unmistakably laid foundations for transformation to modern economy of Korea. Under Japanese rule, Korea changed from agricultural oriented society to a modern industrialized nation. The colonial government, although its intentions were geared for their gains, helped establish railroads, textile factories, power plants, and others. United Sta tes plays a crucial role for war-devastated Korea in the 1950s. U.S. aided more than any nation through military and economic assistance. Its assistance laid foundations for modern economy that present Korea built itself on. But international help alone cannot be held responsible for economic success of Korea. A dynamic class of entrepreneurs and a class of dependable and efficient industrial workers that were able to assimilate and change with global economic trends were also essential. Without them foreign capital and technology into the economy is likely to be a wasted effort (Eckert et al., 1990, p. 400). The country’s low standard of living and low pay invited and promoted foreign investments. Although Korea provided cheap labor and quality products it would not have been complete without government’s strong hold on policies. Authoritarian rule of General Part era might not be approved by most democratic nations at the time but for Korea, it seemed necessary. With... Free Essays on History Of Korean Economy Free Essays on History Of Korean Economy Few scholars of economics describe Korean economic success as â€Å"The miracle on the Han.† Korean economic success from the 1960s to 1980s is contributed by a number of international, social, political, and cultural factors. Korea’s economic transformation did not happen overnight or restricted to just few ingredients. In my opinion these factors were interrelated in many ways. Not one factor by itself could be responsible for such a complicated task. Influences of international powers have shaped Korean economy in many ways. Japan and United States’ influence has been extraordinary compared to others. Japanese colonialism unmistakably laid foundations for transformation to modern economy of Korea. Under Japanese rule, Korea changed from agricultural oriented society to a modern industrialized nation. The colonial government, although its intentions were geared for their gains, helped establish railroads, textile factories, power plants, and others. United Sta tes plays a crucial role for war-devastated Korea in the 1950s. U.S. aided more than any nation through military and economic assistance. Its assistance laid foundations for modern economy that present Korea built itself on. But international help alone cannot be held responsible for economic success of Korea. A dynamic class of entrepreneurs and a class of dependable and efficient industrial workers that were able to assimilate and change with global economic trends were also essential. Without them foreign capital and technology into the economy is likely to be a wasted effort (Eckert et al., 1990, p. 400). The country’s low standard of living and low pay invited and promoted foreign investments. Although Korea provided cheap labor and quality products it would not have been complete without government’s strong hold on policies. Authoritarian rule of General Part era might not be approved by most democratic nations at the time but for Korea, it seemed necessary. With...

Roald Dahl was a 20th Century writer Essays

Roald Dahl was a 20th Century writer Essays Roald Dahl was a 20th Century writer Paper Roald Dahl was a 20th Century writer Paper Roald Dahl wrote most of his stories for children. This was because he himself didnt have a very pleasant childhood. His childhood affects the outcome of his stories. Roald Dahl also wrote short stories for adults, which sometimes have a twist or they have black humor. Roald Dahl was a 20th Century writer. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a doctor before becoming a full time writer. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles medical career crops up into his stories, for example, in The Speckled Band, Sherlock Holmes notices that the snake was known as a Swamp Adder and was a deadly poisonous snake. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a 19th Century. Roald Dahl and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle were writhers of different times and their lives before they were writhers affected how they wrote their stories. The writing of a 19th Century story is very confusing. The sentences are very long and often have to be read twice to understand. For example; a quote from The Speckled Band, shows how long a sentence is The last squire dragged out his existence there, living the horrible life of an aristocratic pauper; but his only son, my stepfather, seeing that he must adopt himself to the new conditions, obtained an advance from a relative, which enabled him to take a medical degree, and went out to Calcutta, where, by his professional skill and his force of character, he established a large practice, this is only one sentence and now in the 21st Century it seems like a paragraph. The vocabulary of the 19th Century is very old and some of the words like pauper, dogcart and frock coat are not commonly used. For people of the 20th Century some of these words are explained at the bottom of the page. In a 19th Century story there is a lot of stereotyping, like in The Speckled band, for example there is a word called gypsies, which in the 19th Century is a name for people who have no homes. They move from one place to another and are faced with suspicion and prejudice. In the 19th Century people didnt have good police service and they also didnt have quick thinking detectives. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle made up man named Sherlock Holmes. The character, Sherlock Holmess was a very good and a very clever detective. Many detectives of the 19th Century did not have scientific knowledge. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles character, Sherlock Holmes, had that scientific knowledge.

Global companies, global integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global companies, global integrity - Essay Example LRN, a research company geared at developing cultures through education and management solutions, discusses in an article the necessary convergence of global principles as practiced by the company and the local policies as applicable to each branch toward the development of the company. From the beginning, a company who wishes or is already venturing into the world market must produce a code of conduct that shall govern its employees and the way it conducts business. This must be adopted and transferred into the international subdivisions in compliance with the local laws and customs to create an cohesive ethical standard for everyone. The disparity in the assessment of the perfomoance of headquarters prevailing over its international counterparts must be addressed. Local managers play an important role in solving this issue and education is the key (LRN, pp. 2-4). In effect, the company, guided by these principles as set by its headquarters creates the need for what could otherwise be described as a community in the international scene distinctively recognizable as its own. It becomes a microcosm of the ideals and goals of the company magnified in each of its locations. But this must still be in acquiescence with local laws including its own drawbacks dealt with. Ethics is an fundamental part of any business operation as our time suggests and this is well within the bounds of the necessity for corporate social

Managing organisations and change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing organisations and change - Essay Example This brings to the fore the importance of managing changes effectively within an organization. The change has to be implemented in such a manner that the complexities and the cost involved with the same get rationalized. For this there is a need of designing an effective workflow process and putting in the best quality practices. Also the framework for the same must be easy to implement.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the biggest challenges which are often faced by the organizations desirous of implementing changes in their organization is the resistance which they face from their employees. The employees are emotionally attached with their organization and workplace. Any changes here are definitely going to affect the morale of the employees and hence they resist changes. As the organization itself is made of employees, it is of utmost importance to take the employees in confidence before implementing any major changes in the organization.   The hospital is facing some problems while implementing these changes. These problems are the result of resistance from workers who are not conversant with the new technologies. Resistance to change in this case has occurred because the people are unable to understand why at all any change is taking place in the organization. The employees have also been found reluctant to move out of their comfort zones. They have this fear of future uncertainties, which might develop after the implementation of changes. There is also a feeling among the employees that these changes have been forcibly enforced on them by the management and they are lamenting about the fact that they have no say in such change management issues. Also the timeframe for such changes is kept short by the management.   To deal with this situation and in order to manage the change effectively, the management of the hospital has decided to provide the best environment to its employees. The following guidelines will be under the adoption of the hospital management

About humanity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

About humanity - Essay Example The main reason that heroes from these two different cultures are so different is because of the vastly differing views in the afterlife. To demonstrate these differences, we can examine Achilles and Sir Gawain, two exemplary heroes from their own specific eras. In Homer’s Iliad, Achilles was the greatest warrior of the Trojan War. His decisions to fight and to not fight turned the entire tide of the entire war. Often times, though, people of today have a hard time accepting Achilles’ place as a great hero. He was prideful, thirsted for glory, did not seem to act with much integrity, and seemed to have abandoned his comrades for a time. However, it is pridefulness and thirst for glory that made him a hero in ancient Greek ties. This is because to the Greeks, the vision of the afterlife was one where people basically disappeared into the underworld. In order for people to earn some sort of immortality, they had to do something so great that they would be remembered as a great hero for all time. This is why Achilles was such a great hero to the Greeks. Achilles was by far the greatest warrior of the Trojan war. No other warriors came as close to slaying as many enemies as he did. When he decided to not participate in the war, the Trojans felt a certain amount of certainty that they could win. After Patroclus’ death, Achilles lets out a great cry, signaling his return to the battle: â€Å"The great sound shocked the Trojans/ into tumult, as a trumpet blown/ by a savage foe shocks an encircled town,/ so harsh and clarion was Achilles’ cry† (6. 251-254). So great was Achilles’ strength that just the sound of his voice alone was enough to send terror through the Trojans. This even more than examples of his fierceness in battle shows the extent of Achilles’ reputation. In this comparison, Homer is stating that the sound of Achilles’ voice is comparable to what a town

Participation Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Participation Discussion Questions - Essay Example Sometimes planners think about that marketing fated planning efforts right from the start by in advance promising features, techniques, and budget. They think that the planning step was quick, poorly budgeted, and with irritation managed by management. Planners think that the development group did not completely made use of their planning documentation and that management permitted them to deviate too far from the planned project development (Kerzner, 2006). In this discussion Amon has presented the overall Project Technical Planning in a better way and I am agreed with his views. In this discussion Sandya has presented the project planning in view of resource handling and main agent. She has also discussed about the risk management as a sub-activity in the project planning. Without proper planning a project can not achieve success. There is a successful planning at the back of every successful project. The key to a winning project is in the planning. Forming a project plan is the first thing managers should do when taking responsibility of any kind of project. Often project planning is disregarded in for saving time. However, many people fail to recognize the significance of a project plan in saving time, money and many problems (Pinkerton, 2003). I will add to the view of Sandya. As she considers the project planning as the management of resources but project planning is indispensable. Not only it is a roadmap to how the work will be carried out, but it is also a tool for decision making. The plan suggests alternative approaches, schedules, and resource req uirements from which the project manager can choose the most excellent substitute. A complete plan undoubtedly states the tasks that need to be done, why they are compulsory, who will do what, when it will be completed, what resources will be needed, and what criteria must be met in order for

Executive-level financial report to the chief financial officer (CFO) Research Paper

Executive-level financial report to the chief financial officer (CFO) of a mythical company - Research Paper Example In order to evaluate past financial performance, the report studied how Sprint established relationship between Revenue and Expenses, as well as Cash flow and debt. In order to evaluate past stock performance, the report studied dynamics of stock and EPS. The report paid substantial attention to Sprint’s upcoming projects. Sprint Nextel Corporation (Sprint) is a communication company that operates in two segments: Wireless and Wireline. In the United States, Sprint is the third largest wireless carrier company after Verizon and AT&T (FORM 10 – K, 2010). It serves about 55 million customers with mobile voice, data, and web service under the Sprint corporate brand, which includes retail brands of Sprint, Nextel, Boost Mobile, Virgin Mobile, and Assurance Wireless on networks that utilize the third generation (3G) code division multiple access (CDMA), integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN), or Internet protocol (IP) technologies (Company Information, 2013). High Technology Corporation (HTC) is a new fully integrated wireless communication service provider for the international market. HTC after competitive technical and economical product evaluation has determined to select Sprint as a potential supplier. This report intends to evaluate Sprint’s past financial and stock performances, an alyze current and future business aspects in order to recommend if Sprint would remain financially strong to enter into a long-term contract with the HTC. On February 7, 2013, the Associated press reported that Sprint lost $1.3 billion in the preceding fourth quarter, about the same as a year ago. In the period from October to December, the company lost 44 cents a share. The loss is steady as in the previous year, but revenue went up 3.2 percent from 8.7 billion to 9.0 billion during the same period a year ago. This increase was attributed to customers changing regular phones

European imperialism was sometimes supported by the claim that it was Essay

European imperialism was sometimes supported by the claim that it was part of a civilizing mission to other parts of the world. Construct a historical argument - Essay Example Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is partially autobiographical in that it depicts an actual six month journey by Joseph Conrad up the Congo River where he commandeered a steamboat following the death of the Captain in 1890.1 Conrad himself is quoted as having said: Although European colonialism can be traced back to the 13th century the colonizing of Africa began in Africa in earnest around the mid to late 19th century.3 With the transformation from the Victorian era to the industrial era, European politics represented colonial exploits as a means of expanding trade, spreading religion and civilizing backward nations.4 Many historians however have countered this theory by offering views that the advances in modern technology that followed the industrial revolution, particularly the advent of the steamboat, made it possible for Europeans to travel to Africa exploiting the land for raw materials and natives for labour.5 In his book, Tools of Empire, Daniel Headrick explains that: Conrad’s Heart of Darkness takes an approach which is vastly similar to Headrick’s theory of European imperialism. In the final analysis European imperialism was no more than a manifestation of a desire for expansion brought on by the greed associated with industrial growth. In the interim this desire gave way to corrupt power and corrupt rule at the expense of the natives and their civilization. Marlow represents the trusting European who has no reason to doubt that the African conquest is no more than a quest to enlighten and improve upon the quality of life of the uncivilized African. During the journey along the Congo however, Marlow slowly comes to the realization that a combination of greed and disease contributes to a demoralizing conquest. One that is characterized by torture and exploitation of African natives for what appears to be one aim, economic growth. The welfare of the native is the

Participation Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Participation Discussion Questions - Essay Example Sometimes planners think about that marketing fated planning efforts right from the start by in advance promising features, techniques, and budget. They think that the planning step was quick, poorly budgeted, and with irritation managed by management. Planners think that the development group did not completely made use of their planning documentation and that management permitted them to deviate too far from the planned project development (Kerzner, 2006). In this discussion Amon has presented the overall Project Technical Planning in a better way and I am agreed with his views. In this discussion Sandya has presented the project planning in view of resource handling and main agent. She has also discussed about the risk management as a sub-activity in the project planning. Without proper planning a project can not achieve success. There is a successful planning at the back of every successful project. The key to a winning project is in the planning. Forming a project plan is the first thing managers should do when taking responsibility of any kind of project. Often project planning is disregarded in for saving time. However, many people fail to recognize the significance of a project plan in saving time, money and many problems (Pinkerton, 2003). I will add to the view of Sandya. As she considers the project planning as the management of resources but project planning is indispensable. Not only it is a roadmap to how the work will be carried out, but it is also a tool for decision making. The plan suggests alternative approaches, schedules, and resource req uirements from which the project manager can choose the most excellent substitute. A complete plan undoubtedly states the tasks that need to be done, why they are compulsory, who will do what, when it will be completed, what resources will be needed, and what criteria must be met in order for

European imperialism was sometimes supported by the claim that it was Essay

European imperialism was sometimes supported by the claim that it was part of a civilizing mission to other parts of the world. Construct a historical argument - Essay Example Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is partially autobiographical in that it depicts an actual six month journey by Joseph Conrad up the Congo River where he commandeered a steamboat following the death of the Captain in 1890.1 Conrad himself is quoted as having said: Although European colonialism can be traced back to the 13th century the colonizing of Africa began in Africa in earnest around the mid to late 19th century.3 With the transformation from the Victorian era to the industrial era, European politics represented colonial exploits as a means of expanding trade, spreading religion and civilizing backward nations.4 Many historians however have countered this theory by offering views that the advances in modern technology that followed the industrial revolution, particularly the advent of the steamboat, made it possible for Europeans to travel to Africa exploiting the land for raw materials and natives for labour.5 In his book, Tools of Empire, Daniel Headrick explains that: Conrad’s Heart of Darkness takes an approach which is vastly similar to Headrick’s theory of European imperialism. In the final analysis European imperialism was no more than a manifestation of a desire for expansion brought on by the greed associated with industrial growth. In the interim this desire gave way to corrupt power and corrupt rule at the expense of the natives and their civilization. Marlow represents the trusting European who has no reason to doubt that the African conquest is no more than a quest to enlighten and improve upon the quality of life of the uncivilized African. During the journey along the Congo however, Marlow slowly comes to the realization that a combination of greed and disease contributes to a demoralizing conquest. One that is characterized by torture and exploitation of African natives for what appears to be one aim, economic growth. The welfare of the native is the

A Passage to India by Forster Essay Example for Free

A Passage to India by Forster Essay By close analysis of the structure and language of chapter one discuss how Forster expresses his overall concerns within the novel as a whole via this initial description of the Indian landscape. Through chapter one of A Passage to India Forster does far more than introduce the small town of Chandrapore. In this initial section of the novel the construction of the text reflects the tiered Indian society that becomes the basis for Forsters deeper exploration of mankind and human behaviour. In addition, the ominous significance of the Marabar Caves within the novel is prefigured via the mysterious imagery used to describe them. This is contrasted by the more optimistic language which is used to describe the overarching sky that unifies all men and points towards a hope for the future of peaceful co-existence. At the beginning of the chapter the reader is first introduced to the Muslim aspect of Chandrapore, the lowest tier of the Indian society but perhaps the most resilient. Here what Adela will later refer to as the Real India is depicted. Through vivid imagery the area appears akin to a wasteland devoid of any significance. Even the holy river Ganges is described as Trailing for a couple of milesscarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely. It is negative language such as this that creates a compounding sense of desolation about the Real India. This of course is entirely necessary in order for Forster to create and convey the contrast between the Indian and English cultures which he believes to be incompatible in this context. Graphic and harsh language permeates the whole of this first section of the chapter creating a highly effective image of the squalor in which the Mohammedan Indians are condemned to live by their English rulers. The streets are Mean the Temples ineffective and the Filth of alleyways deters all but the invited guest. By describing their quarter in such a way Forster makes the Muslim Indian seem almost sub-human to his readers, this of course, is how they are viewed by the English. They are remarked upon as Low but also as Indestructible. Despite their apparent lack of sophistication, the way in which, The general outline of the town persists comes to reflect the similar way in which the Muslim culture, although suppressed by the English, is based upon strong foundations of religious devotion and an inextinguishable spirit. Forster describes them as Swelling hereshrinking there and by doing so creates a very evocative image which captures perfectly the way in which the Indian race move en-mass and in harmony, united in their angst to recapture their homeland. As Forster remarks, Inland the prospect alters and the Eurasian, Anglo-India described in the second section of the passage could not present a more stark contrast to that of Islamic Chandrapore. Here the houses belonging to the Eurasians Stand on high ground an important symbol which reflects the way in which the English believe themselves to be above the Indian race both morally and intellectually. It is this attitude of ignorance and racial superiority which will be developed and scathingly criticised by Forster as the novel progresses. Indeed it could be argued that humanitys unwillingness to understand one another is the underlying theme behind the whole text and that in reality Adela and Mrs. Moores passage to India is in fact a deeper analogy for a more complex passage of mankind towards understanding itself. On a second rise of land lies the Little civil station. As the focal point for Eurasian society it is remarked that, From hereChandrapore appears to be a totally different place. This observation encapsulates the way in which the station and its social club both seem to be isolated from the rest of India. Immersed in a fantasy world of British high society the station itself is described as, Provoking no emotion and Sensibly planned. This epitomises the logical mindset of the English, which deeply contrasts that of the spiritual Indian and highlights how even at a simple level of human understanding harmony is not possible between the two cultures creating the Muddle which is colonial India. Britains attitude of imposing herself upon other nations, typical of this time period before partition, is something heavily attacked by Forster. Throughout the text he is seen to criticise England replicated in India because to him this is unnatural and false. During the entirety of this second section of the passage Forster adopts a tone of negativity towards the English. Their section of Chandrapore is described as, Sharing nothing with the rest of the city except the overarching sky conveying the way in which they consciously isolate themselves from the Indians. In the overall context of the novel this image becomes very important. As gradually relations between the two races come to deteriorate the sky comes to be the only unifying element between Indian and Englishman. Further more, the way in which the image is echoed throughout the text seems to suggest the existence of a more powerful presence beyond man both physically and in terms of significance within the universe. It is Forsters belief that ultimately the petty quarrels of man are meaningless in such a vast entity. The final section of the chapter is used by Forster to expand on the concept of the overarching sky. It is described as having a Persistent blue core the stars Hanging like lamps from the immense vault which is the sky and it is elevated imagery such as this which comes to symbolise a hope for the future of mankind. In contrast to the muddle and misunderstanding which covers India and the rest of the earth, the sky instead represents an element which unifies all men. Its persistence represents a hope that one day all the problems of man explored within the novel will pale into insignificance. It could be argued the description of the sky evokes an atmosphere akin to that of the Hindu religion. Forster remarks, The sky settles everything and indeed to Godbole and his fellow Hindus this is to a certain degree true. The unanswerable questions, the answers to which are sought by both Muslim and Christian are left to be pondered by Godbole. He seeks to answer questions about his own spiritual existence and the natural world around him. As a result his passage within the novel becomes one of progression as opposed one to of retreat as is experienced by Aziz and Fielding. The Chapter ends with a final short image of the mysterious Marabar caves. All around League after league the earth lies flat, yet in the south, A group of fists and fingers are thrust up through the soil. These fingers are the Marabar hills and seem to point mysteriously towards the heavens above. The way in which they seem to separate themselves from their earthly surroundings suggests an equally unearthly presence about them. This of course will be proved true by the supernatural and inexplicable violation which Adela experiences within their walls. Dark and devoid of humanity they represent an aspect of India that the logical English will never be able to conquer. Therefore it is possible to conclude that the first Chapter of A Passage to India can be regarded as a template for the novel as a whole. Almost all of Forsters overall concerns are indicated by its content and it is clear that the varied description of the Indian landscape comes to symbolise differences between those who inhabit the land. This disjointed construction of society will only increase as the novel progresses ultimately leading to the personal retreat of the novels two main characters, Aziz and Fielding whom are unable to stand out as individuals and trapped within the confines of their own cultures. It will be only the deeply spiritual Godbole who is shown to have made any real progress via his own Passage to India and of course Mrs. Moore, who despite her death becomes a symbol for hope by the way in which she is revered as a Hindu Goddess. Bibliography A Passage to India E.M. Forster Classic notes www.classicnotes.com

Models of Health for Obesity Intervention

Models of Health for Obesity Intervention Introduction Public health has been a topic of government debates. It is an increasing issue that is provoking a lot of publicity. Strategies are being implemented as well as policies in order to tackle the ever increasing problem of obesity which is clearly a public health issue. A case study from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2007) showed that the United Kingdom has the highest prevalence of obesity in Europe. Due to the NMC confidentiality clause in accordance with The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) Code of Conduct, nurses must respect peoples right to confidentiality. Therefore for the purpose of this essay the patient’s name has been changed and any personal or identifiable information has also been altered so as to protect his privacy and dignity.This essay aims to discuss and explore policies, biopsychosocial model and contribution of therapies to health and wellbeing with reference to Troy (see appendix 1) Public health Public health refers to the methods of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals (WHO, 2013). It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people, or as large as all the inhabitants of the United Kingdom. The dimensions of health can encompass a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 2013). Sim McKee (2011) suggest that Public health incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. The focus of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through prevention and treatment of disease and other physical and mental health conditions. This is done through surveillance of cases and health indicators, and through promotion of healthy behaviors. The range of public health interventions in order to reduce food related ill health is potentially considerable and this includes; presenting on an individual basis, health education and promotion, composition regulation in food, accurate food information labels and product traceability just to name a few. From 2004, the United Kingdom has put together a number of initiatives that are aimed at tacking obesity with recognition of the need for policy change as well as individual behavior change and personal attitude towards food. Policy Due to the alarming statistics on obesity in the United Kingdom, the government has a policy to try and tackle the rising problem. According to the Policy, figures show that 61.9% of adults and 28% of children aged between 2 and 15 are overweight or obese. People who are overweight have a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes, heart disease and certain cancers (Department Of Health, 2013). Excess weight can also make it more difficult for people to find and keep work, and it can affect self-esteem and mental health. This being the case of Troy as he suffers from type 2 diabetes due to his weight, has mental health and has never found work. It is costing the Government 5million pounds to obesity related illnesses. The policy has an action plan to reduce these statistics by 2020. The government want people to eat and drink more healthily while being more active. It is giving people advice on a healthy diet and physical activity through the change4Life programme. The programme promotes healthy life styles. The moto is ‘Eat Well, Move More and Live Longer’. Change4Life is a society-wide movement that aims to prevent people from becoming overweight by encouraging them to eat better and move more. It is the marketing component of the Governments response to the rise in obesity (Nhs, 2013). Improving labelling on food and drink will help people make healthy choices. The policy states that a system for labelling on the packages that makes it clear what is in food and drink, is important. The consistent system combines red, amber, green colour-coding and nutritional information to show how much fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar, and calories are in food products. Also encouraging businesses on the high street to include calorie information on their menus so that people can make healthy choices. By giving people guidance on how much physical activity they should be doing, the policy seeks to help individuals as well as professional to understand how to reduce the risk of ill health associated with inactivity and sedentary behaviors. As much as it is an individual’s choice on when and what they eat, the government want businesses to take responsibilities of the products that they are selling by making it easier for everyone make healthier choices for both staff and customers. The ‘Responsibility Deal has 4 networks’ include; alcohol, food, health at work and physical activity which all have collective pledges that businesses are encouraged to sign up to. The actions to help people eat more healthily include; reducing ingredients like salt, sugar and fat that can be harmful if people eat too much of them. Also encourage people to eat more fruit and vegetable to help reach their ‘5 A DAY’. Lastly putting calorie information on menus and helping people to eat fewer calories by changing the portion size or the recipe of a product (Department Of Health, 2013). The policy asks the local councils to get involved in combating obesity and encourage healthier lives by making sure that the r ight services are in place. An example of this is recreational areas in the neighborhoods have outdoor gym facilities. Biopsychosocial model Biopsychosocial model, traditionally considered appropriate with regards to obesity, as all elements of the model are relevant. This model shows disease arising from the overlap of components. In applying this model to obesity research, biologic systems are viewed in isolation, not taking into account their interaction with the environment and behaviours until one is obese. There are several factors that could lead one to be overweight or obese and the biopsychosocial model can be used to understand these factors. One of them is biological factors which include genetic susceptibility, increased number of adipose cells formed during childhood, hormonal imbalance such thyroxine produced be the thyroid gland, and several more (Marieb Hoehn, 2010).Although strides have been made exploring the pathophysiology of obesity, treatment and prevention have focused mainly on two components, the psychological and the social. The psychological aspects include eating behaviours, activity habits an d health awareness or knowledge. Troy suffers from depression this could be a factor to consider as a reason why he is obese. Taylor (2012) recognises that people that eat while depressed or stressed are more likely to consume sweet and high-fat foods. Troy has accustomed himself to bad eating behaviour. Most take away food have high volumes of sugar, fat and salt, which are triggers of weight gain. He may not be aware of the implications of his weight increase. As a student nurse, I feel talking to Troy and making him aware of his weight problems may be ideal. Giving him healthier options when he asks me order him a take away and advising him to eat more of the reduced sugar, fat and salt food. Troy has a high craving for sweet fizzy drinks, telling him of the alternative drinks such as sugar free or sweeteners would be ideal thus empowering him to make a choice. The social aspect of the model include socioeconomic, neighbourhood, schools and food policy. When it comes to obesity there are a great variety of social variables that contribute to one being overweight and obese. For instant today we are bombarded with advertisements for fast food restaurants and high calorie pre-packaged foods or microwave food. The media plays a big role in changing our attitude and behaviour toward food by using persuasive messages and images. A study by Taylor (2012) shows that socioeconomic factors contribute to one’s attitude towards food. The study revealed that that people of low socioeconomic status tend to be more overweight than people with high socioeconomic status. An explanation for this could be the fact that food that contain high-fat and processed foods are cheaper than nutritious and fresh foods such as vegetables and fish. Troy lives in poor estate and relies on the benefit system for his income. This in not much so he tend to buy the che aper and faster foods. Also social and family interaction could affect one to become obese as eating habits can be influence by others around the house. Other social factors could be educational level, employment and cultural influences. Advising Troy tocook his own meals when his at home and educating him on the difference between fresh cooked meals that contain low fat, sugar and salt versus Fast food would be in his best interest. He lives alone so giving himself more time outdoors and engaging in activities, like going out for walks or even light exercise as a starting point. Understanding the reasons for obesity is important but more important is to find ways to stop and prevent it. Health promotion is any effort that encourages people to engage in healthy behaviour’s such having a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight (Schneider, Gruman Coutts, 2005). Behavioral treatment Behavioral treatment is an approach used to help individuals develop a set of skills to achieve a healthier weight. This treatment is used in people who suffer from eating disorders and those who are overweight or obese. It does more than helping people to decide what to change but also helps them identify how to change. The behavior change process is facilitated through the use of self-monitoring, goal setting, and problem solving. Studies suggest that behavioral treatment produces weight loss of 8–10% during the first 6 months of treatment. Structured approaches such as meal replacements and food provision have been shown to increase the magnitude of weight loss (Foster, 2002). Stuart (1967) suggests that behavioral treatment of obesity developed from the belief that obesity is the result of maladaptive eating and exercise habits, which could be corrected by the application of learning principles. Behavioral treatment is based primarily on principles of classical conditioning, which suggest that eating is often prompted by antecedent events, for example cues, that become strongly linked to food intake. According to Brownell (2000) Behavioral treatment helps patients identify cues that trigger inappropriate eating behaviors and help them learn new responses to these cues. Treatment also seeks to reinforce the adoption of positive eating behaviors. This treatment also incorporates cognitive therapy due to the fact that, in cognitive therapy ones thoughts or cognitions directly affect feelings and behaviors (Beck, 1976). Negative thoughts are predominantly associated with negative outcomes. When one over indulges in food and they are dieting, they tend to think they have messed up their dieting schedule therefore proceed to eat even more secondary to feelings of failure and hopelessness. Beck (1976) in his book on Cognitive Behavior therapy mentions that cognitive therapy patient s learn to set realistic goals for weight and behavior change, enabling them to realistically evaluate their progress in modifying eating and activity habits, and to correct negative thoughts that occur when they do not meet their goals. Fairburn, C.G, Wilson G.T. (1993) agree with Beck (1967) that Cognitive interventions for weight management are based on those developed for the treatments of depression, anxiety, and bulimia nervosa. Programmes such as Weight Watchers can be incorporated in Behavioral Therapy as Weight Watchers meetings promotes goal setting and advices on low calorie food intake. Conclusion Arguably, although the policy set by Department of Health on obesity seeks to promote programmes like change4 life which supports eating five vegetable or fruit a day, it does not completely tackle the issue of affordability. Fresh vegetable, fruit and fish is expense meaning those who have low income cannot afford these foods. It then means it comes back to the fact of them not affording the healthier food so they opt for cheaper processed food. A lot of literature that has been written on the subject matter, obesity, is from the United States of America because they are a nation who are also trying to tackle obesity. They have much a bigger issue of obesity and I believe as a nation we can learn a lot from them. In the case of Troy, Behavioral therapy would be ideal as it involves cognitive therapy, so he can talk about his problem and set realistic goals for himself helping and improving his quality of life. The best interventions have been in the fields of dietary management and behavioural change. APA Reference Allen, N. B., Lewinsohn, P., and Seeley J.R. (1998). Prenatal and perinatal influences on risk for psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychopathology. New York, United States of America: Guilford Press Beck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York, United States of America: International Universities Press. Brownell, K.D. (2000). The LEARN program for weight management 2000. Dallas, United States of America: American Health Publishers Co. Department of Health. (2013). Policies. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/reducing-obesity-and-improving-diet Dilts, S. L. (2012). Models of mind: A framework for Biopsychosocial Psychiatry. East Sussex, United Kingdom: Routledge. Donatelle, R.J. (2008).Access to health(10the.d.).San Francisco,Canada: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Fairburn, C.G, Wilson G.T. (1993). Binge eating: nature, assessment and treatment. New York, United States of America: Guilford Press. Foster, G.D. (2002). Goals and strategies to improve behavior-change effectiveness. Philadelphia, United States Of America: Hanley Belfus. Health Promotion Strategic Framework. (2014). Health promotion. Retrieved from http://www.healthpromotion.ie/hp-files/docs/HPSF_HSE.pdf Heim, C., Newporr, J., Heit, S., Graham, Y. P., Wucox, M., Bonsall, R., Miller, A. H., and Nemeroff, C. B. (2000). Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. Journal of American Medical Association, 284, 592-97 Marieb, E.N. Hoehn K. (2010).Human anatomy physiology(8th e.d.).San Francisco,America: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Nhs. (2013). Change for life. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/change4life/Pages/change-for- life.aspx Nuffield council on Bioethics. (2007). Public Health, Ethical Issues. Retrieved from http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/public-health Schneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., Coutts, L. M. (Eds.). (2005).Applied social psychology: Understanding and addressing social and practical problems.Thousand Oaks,Canada:Sage Publications Stuart, R.B. (1967). Behavioral control of overeating. Basel, Switazland: Reinhardt Druck. Taylor, S.E. (2012).Health Psychology(8th ed.).New York,United States of America: McGraw-Hill World Health Organisation. (2013). Obesity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/ Appendix 1 During one of my placements in a hospital situated in the North of England, a young Troy man aged 24 was admitted to Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) presenting with Psychotic episode and hallucinations. He lives alone in a one bed council flat, has never worked and receives Benefits. He has a long history of drug and alcohol misuse, although he has been drug free for over 6 months. Troy weighs 26 stone and has been known to the service for self-harming and depression from the age of 14. As his treatment has progressed, it has become clear to me that he has other issues like bad eating habits. His mother from a very young age, feed Troy with a lot of fast food as she herself suffered from Clinical depression. They lived in a poor estate up the age of 8 when he was put into care because his mother was unable to cope and neglected him and his siblings. He has very little contact with his family except his grandparents who regularly visit him. Now at his later stage in life, Troy likes to eat take away and drinks a lot of sugary fizzy drinks. His weight has become an issue on the ward as he has found the single beds too small and he complained of the blankets being too small. The consultant had been concerned about his weight and suggested that some of the psychotic medication he is taking may be contributing to his weight gain as they tend to trigger a lot of cravings. He has diagnosed with type 2 diabetes while admitted on the ward. http://psychrights.org/research/Digest/NLPs/Seroquel/SeroquelMedicalStudies/Gen.%20Cause%20Resp.%20Ex%2010.pdf

Epic of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

As an epic tale of heroes and monsters, Beowulf gives its readers much excitement and adventure, but Beowulf's importance is more than just literary. It offers many insights into the beliefs and customs of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon culture. Among these insights is the Anglo-Saxon view of women and their role in society. In addition, a prominent theme in this epic is the love of a mother for her child. Good Anglo-Saxon women are peaceful and unassertive, greeting guests and serving drinks to the warriors and other men in the mead hall. It shows the role of a mother, and their love for their offspring. Grendel's mother is a strong and combative monster whom Beowulf must kill. However, her heart is filled with anger at the loss of her son at the hands of this same man. A mother who loves their child very much would do everything in their power to make sure their killer got their justice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beowulf is one of the oldest existing poems in the English language. Originally written in Anglo-Saxon, it has been translated to give readers the opportunity to enjoy this colorful, heroic poem of England’s epic age. It has been declared as a heroic-elegiac poem because of the various characteristics it clearly possesses. An epic consists of a hero who is larger than life. Epic characters also give numerous speeches that revel something about the past or the speaker’s characteristics. Beowulf does not give many, but from those he gives, the reader leans about his character traits. The language of the epic style is an elevated, rather formal language. Similes, kennings, and many other literary techniques are used throughout the poem. Beowulf clearly contains many epic characteristics and the following essay will present the evidence needed to support this allegation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The love a mother has for her child shows when Grendel’s mother comes to avenge the death of her son at the hands of Beowulf. He was the only human being who had the skills to defeat Grendel's mother was again Beowulf, and he would not say no to another battle. However, this battle with the mother was to take place under water. He got ready and armed for the underwater fight, and accepted the sword, which Unferth handed him. Beowulf took his leave to achieve another victory, but not as confident of himself this time as he was at his first battle.

Who do you think are the happiest: the citizens of Utopia, those of Bensalem, or those of Brave New World? :: essays research papers

Who do you think are the happiest: the citizens of Utopia, those   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of Bensalem, or those of Brave New World?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book definition of happiness is a state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. The true meaning of happiness varies from person to person. Everyone has a different definition of what happiness means to them and what can make one person happy, can make another person unhappy. For the citizens of Utopia, those of Bensalem, and those of Brave New World, they all claim to be very happy living in their own â€Å"utopias†. However, the real question is are they really happy with the way they are living or are they pretending to be happy because that is what they were taught to believe happiness really is. In this essay, I will be writing about the citizens of Utopia, Bensalem, and Brave New World and explaining which of these citizens I believe are the happiest and why.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Utopia, Hythloday talks about living on the island of Utopia and how he was happy living there. He says he was happy living there because he liked the way the government was run there and how no one had to worry about money or private property. He believes in communal property because it reduces pride, greed, poverty, and the exploitation of the poor by the wealthy. Since Hythloday also believed that money was the root of all evil, that the unequal distribution of goods is unjust, and that money itself does not bring happiness, the island of Utopia was the perfect society for him. Besides the economic equality in Utopia, he also liked the learning, the studying time for the philosophic types (like himself), and the choice of what religion you wanted to be. Hythloday’s definition of happiness is the improvement of the mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As for the other citizens on the island of Utopia, I don’t think they were as happy as Hythloday was. They had to live on a set schedule that they had to follow every day. I would think it would get very boring after awhile doing the same thing day after day. Everything they did from the minute they woke up in the morning to the time they had to be sleeping at night was on a set schedule. They did have time set aside for free time, but even with that they didn’t have much of an option of what they could do.

Jazz and Popular Music Essay

Despite the rapid evolution of country music in the U. S. , it was not before the creation of Acuff-Rose Publishing that country music became one of the central elements of musical advancement in the country. The rise of Acuff-Rose Publishing is closely associated with and is considered as one of the drivers for positioning Nashville as one of the country music centers in America; and where country performers and song writers sought to establish themselves in the world of music, â€Å"Acuff-Rose readily gave Nashville an outlet for the fledging country songwriters. Record executives kept Nashville in contact with the New York scene† (Malone, 1968). To a large extent, the creation of Acuff-Rose Publishing by Fred Rose and Roy Acuff was the turning point in the process of moving country music into masses. The new musical enterprise was able to establish close ties with ASCAP and BMI studios, which turned country music into the source of enormous profits (Pecknold, 2007). The popularity of country music and country songwriters depended on the way Acuff-Rose managed to collect and distribute the most promising pieces of country singing. It should be noted, however, that the development of Acuff-Rose and the rapid popularization of country music produced two-fold effects: on the one hand, Acuff-Rose publishing actively worked to promote the relevance of country music; on the other hand, talented country music performers promoted positive business image of Acuff-Rose, which in its turn served to help professionals and beginners in country music to reach beyond traditional regional music markets (Malone, 1968; Pecknold, 2007). Later during the 1950s, the bluesy and gutsy style of music that had originated from Acuff-Rose’s country singers became the determining feature of country singing across several American states. Acuff-Rose has caused a strategic shift in public perceptions with regard to country music, making it a never ending source of inspiration and a reliable basis for generating continuous profits. It was due to country music that Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, and Jerry Lee Lewis became the critical figures of the American musical Olympus, with country sound being the distinctive feature of their style and the essential component of their professional appeal and emotiveness.

Loss of Innocence in the Puritan Society

In the Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne hones in on the contrast between good versus bad and the loss of innocence that defies that line. Hester Prynne is a symbol of shame and sin to the puritan society, however she once was an innocent and honorable woman. On page 76, Hawthorne repeats the phrase â€Å"At her, child of honorable parents†¦ At her, mother of a babe†¦ At her. † This repetition emphasizes the way Hester was once viewed as a symbol of purity and honor in the puritan community.Hawthorne also uses phrases like â€Å"Child of honorable parents†, â€Å"mother of a babe† and â€Å"had once been innocent† to contrast Hester’s sin with the innocence that she once had. This is also an example of pathos because the author is reaching out to the reader and making a point of the difference between Hester as a symbol of innocence and purity, and Hester as a symbol of shame and mistake. These phrases create a fine line between what is good and what is bad in the puritan community.Hawthorn later uses phrases like â€Å"heap of shame†, â€Å"misery†, â€Å"frailty†, â€Å"sinful passion†, â€Å"doom† and â€Å"alien† to make an example of Hester and emphasize her terrible actions. The diction in these phrases expresses the negative outlook toward Hester in society. She made a bad decision that haunts her and causes society to view her loss of innocence as a symbol of sin and dishonesty, to a point where they alienate her from the community. Hawthorne also uses the phrase â€Å"It may seem marvelous†¦ It may seem marvelous†¦ It may seem marvelous,† over and over again.This repetition also draws a contrast between the things that haunt Hester in her community and her desire to remain where she lives rather than pack up and move away. The author is saying that with all of the hatred and shame that haunts Hester in Boston, it is marvelous that she chooses to st ay rather than flee. Something about her sin and guilt there makes her want to stay instead of running from it. This shows the moral strength and integrity in Hester as a character. Although she made a terrible decision and has lost the innocence that she once had, there is no clearly defined line in her character between good and bad.Sometimes good people make bad decisions. In this case, Hester is such a strong willed character that she chose an individual freedom over the conformity in the puritan era when she committed her crime. In conclusion, Hawthorne makes an example of Hester Prynne in the puritan era to show the conformity and honor that society lived by. When Hester committed that sin, she became a symbol of shame and loss of innocence to the puritan community. Through the use of repetition, pathos, and diction, Hawthorne discusses the line between good versus bad in the puritan era and how loss of innocence effects that balance.